Geography & environment — Romania
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Romania: Europe
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Europe
- Geographic Coordinates
46 00 N, 25 00 E
- Total Area
92,043 Square Miles 238,391 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
88,761 Square Miles 229,891 Square Kilometers
- Water Area
3,282 Square Miles 8,500 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
1,558 Miles 2,508 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
- Coastline
140 Miles 225 Kilometers
Physical geography
- Terrain
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
- Highest Point
2,544 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Moldoveanu 2,544 m
- Lowest Point Location
Black Sea 0 m
- Natural Resources
petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
- Irrigated Land
2,376 Square Miles 6,153 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate
- Climate
Romania has a continental climate, particularly in the Old Kingdom (east and south of the Carpathians). A long, and occasionally harsh, winter (December-March), a hot summer (May-August), and a prolonged autumn (September-November) are the principal seasons. The average daily minimum temperature for Bucharest (February) is 28.6ºF, and the average daily maximum (August) is 95ºF. Rainfall, heaviest from April through July, averages 5 inches in June.
- Terrain
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
- Location
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
- Total Area
92,043 Square Miles 238,391 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
- soil erosion and degradation
- water pollution
- air pollution in south from industrial effluents
- contamination of Danube delta wetlands
- Environment - International Agreements
- party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed,
- but not ratified: none of the selected agreements