Demographics & population — Romania
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Romania: 21,302,893
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
21,302,893
- Population Growth Rate
-0.27%
- Urban Population
52.800000
- Population in Major Urban Areas
BUCHAREST (capital) 1.937 million
Age & family
- Age Structure
14.400000
- Median Age
39.400000
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
9
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
11.86
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.31
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
69.8%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
69.8%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
26
- Mother's mean age at first birth
26
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
1.060000
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-0.25
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4%
- Language Note
The Germans and Hungarians speak their native ethnic tongues. The Roma speak Romany.
- Nationality Noun
Romanian(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
97.3%
- Literacy - male
99.1%
- Literacy - female
97.7%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
4.2%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
14.000000
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
74.450000
- Infant Mortality Rate
10.440000
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
10.440000
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
27
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
2.39
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
6.3
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
5.9%
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
19.1%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
98.500000
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
87.900000
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
3.5%