Moving to Romania: visas, cost of living & immigrant guide

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Population

21,302,893

Population Growth Rate

-0.27%

Urban Population

52.800000

Population in Major Urban Areas

BUCHAREST (capital) 1.937 million

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Age Structure

14.400000

Median Age

39.400000

Birth Rate - births/1,000 population

9

Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population

11.86

Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman

1.31

Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49

69.8%

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49

69.8%

Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)

26

Mother's mean age at first birth

26

Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female

1.060000

Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population

-0.25

Ethnic Groups

Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4%

Language Note

The Germans and Hungarians speak their native ethnic tongues. The Roma speak Romany.

Nationality Noun

Romanian(s)

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Literacy - total population

97.3%

Literacy - male

99.1%

Literacy - female

97.7%

Literacy Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Education Expenditures - percent of GDP

4.2%

Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)

14.000000

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Life Expectancy at Birth

74.450000

Infant Mortality Rate

10.440000

Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births

10.440000

Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births

27

Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population

2.39

Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population

6.3

Health Expenditures - percent of GDP

5.9%

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

19.1%

Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved

98.500000

Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved

87.900000

Underweight - percent of children under five years

3.5%

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Economic Overview

• economy: Market
• Economy: Romania has a developing market economy. Since the fall of communism in 1989, the country has undergone significant economic reforms to transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-based one. Diverse Sectoral
• Composition: The Romanian economy is diversified, with key sectors including services, industry, agriculture, and construction. Services contribute the most to the GDP, followed by industry and agriculture.
• Industry: Romania has a strong industrial base, with sectors like automotive, machinery, IT, and textiles playing significant roles. The automotive industry, in particular, has been a major driver of exports and foreign direct investment.
• Agriculture: Agriculture is an important sector, especially in rural areas. Romania has fertile land and favorable climatic conditions for agriculture. Key products include cereals, vegetables, fruits, and livestock.
• Exports: Romania has a relatively open economy that focuses on exports. Key export products include machinery, equipment, vehicles, electronics, textiles, and agricultural products. Other EU countries, especially Germany, Italy, and France, are the country's main trading partners. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Foreign investment has played a significant role in Romania's economic development since the 1990s. FDI inflows are attracted by factors such as a skilled workforce, competitive labor costs, strategic location, and EU membership.
• Challenges: Despite progress, Romania faces several economic challenges. These include corruption, an inefficient public sector, bureaucracy, infrastructure deficits, emigration of skilled workers, regional disparities, and a high level of informal economic activities. European Union
• Membership: Romania joined the European Union (EU) in 2007, which has brought both benefits and challenges. EU membership has provided access to funding, trade opportunities, and support for reforms. However, it has also required compliance with EU regulations and standards. COVID-19
• Pandemic: Like many countries, Romania's economy has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures such as lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing have affected various sectors, including tourism, retail, and hospitality. Government
• Policies: The Romanian government has implemented various economic policies to stimulate growth, attract investment, improve infrastructure, and address structural issues. However, there is ongoing debate about the effectiveness of these policies and the pace of reforms.

Industries

textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$20,600.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

3.4%

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GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP)

$556,070,000,000 (USD)

GDP Per Capita

$20,600.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

3.4%

GDP - official exchange rate

$174,900,000,000 (USD)

GDP - composition, by end use

• consumption: 68.5% government
• consumption: 7.4% investment in fixed
• capital: 22.2% investment in
• inventories: 1.1% exports of goods and
• services: 43% imports of goods and
• services: -42.2%

GDP by Sector- agriculture

11.8%

GDP by Sector- Industry

36.1%

GDP by Sector- services

52.1%

Industrial Growth Rate

1.5%

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Inflation Rate

6%

Exchange Rate per US Dollar

lei (RON)

Currency Name and Code

Leu (RON)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

11.49%

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Labor Force

9,350,000

Unemployment Rate

8.2%

Major Industries

textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining

Agriculture Products

wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep

Population Below Poverty Line

25%

Child Labor - # of children ages 5-14

26,658

Child Labor - % of children ages 5-14

1%

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Labor Force By Occupation- agriculture

29%

Labor Force By Occupation- industry

28.6%

Labor Force By Occupation- services

42.4%

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Annual Budget

$50,890,000,000 (USD)

Public Debt (% of GDP)

21.2%

Budget Surplus or Deficit - percent of GDP

-2.5%

Taxes and other revenues - percent of GDP

31.8%

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Full Country Name

none

Country Name

Romania

Local - Long

none

Local - Short

Romania

Former Name

Kingdom of Romania, Romanian People's Republic, Socialist Republic of Romania

Etymology- history of name

the name derives from the Latin "Romanus" meaning "citizen of Rome" and was used to stress the common ancient heritage of Romania's three main regions - Moldavia, Transylvania, and Wallachia - during their gradual unification between the mid-19th century and early 20th century

Independence

• 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire
• 13 July 1878 (independence recognized by the Treaty of Berlin)
• 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed)
• 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)

National Holiday

Unification Day (unification of Romania and Transylvania), 1 December (1918)

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Government Type

semi-presidential republic

Constitution

• history: several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991
• amendments: initiated by the president of Romania through a proposal by the government, by at least one fourth of deputies or senators in Parliament, or by petition of eligible voters representing at least half of Romania’s counties; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by both chambers or – if mediation is required - by three-fourths majority vote in a joint session, followed by approval in a referendum; articles, including those on national sovereignty, form of government, political pluralism, and fundamental rights and freedoms cannot be amended; amended 2003

Legal System:

civil law system

Executive Branch:

• chief of state: President Nicușor DAN (since 26 May 2025)
• head of government: Prime Minister Ilie BOLOJAN (since 23 June 2005)
• cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister election/appointment
• process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president with consent of Parliament most recent election
• date: 18 May 2025
• election results: 2025: Nicușor DAN elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Nicușor DAN (unaffiliated) 53.6%, George SIMION (AUR) 46.4% 2019: Klaus IOHANNIS reelected president in second round; percent of vote - Klaus IOHANNIS (PNL) 66.1%, Viorica DANCILA (PSD) 33.9% expected date of next
• election: 2030
• note: the prime ministerial position will be rotated in 2027 from BOLOJAN to another coalition party member as part of a power-sharing agreement

Legislative Branch:

• Description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (136 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 2 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (330 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies - including 4 seats for diaspora - by party-list, proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
• elections:
• Senate - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)
• Chamber of Deputies - last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in 2024)
• Election Results: - Senate - percent of vote by party - PSD 29.3%, PNL 25.6%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.9%, AUR 9.2%, UDMR 5.9%, other 14.1%; seats by party - PSD 47, PNL 41, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 25, AUR 14, UDMR 9;
• composition - men 111, women 24, percentage women 17.8%
• Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PSD 28.9%, PNL 25.2%, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 15.4%, AUR 9.1%, UDMR 5.7%, other 15.7%; seats by party - PSD 110, PNL 93, 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance 55, AUR 33, UDMR 21, other 18;
• Composition: men 265, women 63, percentage women 19.2%; total Parliament percentage women 18.8%

Judicial Branch:

• office: High Court of Cassation and Justice judges appointed by the president upon nomination by the Superior Council of Magistracy, a 19-member body of judges, prosecutors, and law specialists; judges appointed for 6-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court members - 6 elected by Parliament and 3 appointed by the president; members serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms
• subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional tribunals; first instance courts; military and arbitration courts

Regions or States:

41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea

Political Parties and Leaders:

• 2020 USR-PLUS Alliance [Dan BARNA and Dacian CIOLOS] (dissolved 16 April 2021)
• Alliance for the Fatherland or APP [Codrin STEFANESCU]
• Alliance for the Unity of Romanians or AUR [George SIMION]
• Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU]
• Civic Hungarian Party [Zsolt BIRO]
• Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN]
• Ecologist Party of Romania or PER [Danut POP]
• Force of the Right or FD [Ludovic ORBAN]
• Greater Romania Party or PRM [Victor IOVICI]
• Green Party [Marius LAZAR and Lavinia COSMA]
• National Liberal Party or PNL [Nicolae CIUCA]
• Party of Liberty, Unity, and Solidarity or PLUS [Dacian CIOLOS] (dissolved 16 April 2021)
• Popular Movement Party or PMP [Eugen TOMAC]
• PRO Romania or PRO [Victor PONTA]
• Romanian Nationhood Party or PNR [Ninel PEIA]
• Save Romania Union Party or USR [Catalin DRULA]
• Social Democratic Party or PSD [Marcel CIOLACU]
• Social Liberal Humanist Party or PUSL [Daniel IONASCU] (formerly Humanist Power Party (Social-Liberal) or PPU-SL)
• S.O.S. Romania [Diana IOVANOVICI-SOSOACA]
• The Right Alternative or AD [Adela MIRZA]
• United Romania Party or PRU [Robert BUGA]
• We are Renewing the European Project in Romania or REPER [Dacian CIOLOS
• Ramona STRUGARIU
• Dragos PISLARU]

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Citizenship Criteria:

• birth: no citizenship by descent
• only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Romania dual citizenship
• recognized: yes residency requirement for
• naturalization: 5 years

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Capital Name

Bucharest

Capital - geographic coordinate

44 26 N, 26 06 E

Capital Time Difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Daylight Savings Time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

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International Organization Participation:

• Australia Group
• BIS
• BSEC
• CBSS (observer)
• CD
• CE
• CEI
• EAPC
• EBRD
• ECB
• EIB
• ESA
• EU
• FAO
• G-9
• IAEA
• IBRD
• ICAO
• ICC (national committees)
• ICCt
• ICRM
• IDA
• IFAD
• IFC
• IFRCS
• IHO
• ILO
• IMF
• IMO
• IMSO
• Interpol
• IOC
• IOM
• IPU
• ISO
• ITSO
• ITU
• ITUC (NGOs)
• LAIA (observer)
• MIGA
• MONUSCO
• NATO
• NSG
• OAS (observer)
• OIF
• OPCW
• OSCE
• PCA
• SELEC
• UN
• UNCTAD
• UNESCO
• UNHCR
• UNIDO
• Union Latina
• UNMIL
• UNMISS
• UNOCI
• UNWTO
• UPU
• Wassenaar Arrangement
• WCO
• WFTU (NGOs)
• WHO
• WIPO
• WMO
• WTO
• ZC

International Law Organization Participation:

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Diplomatic Representation from US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador Kathleen KAVALEC (since 14 February 2023)
• Embassy: 4-6, Dr. Liviu Librescu Blvd., District 1, Bucharest, 015118
• Mailing Address: 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260
• Telephone: [40] (21) 200-3300
• FAX: [40] (21) 200-3442
• Email: ACSBucharest@state.gov
• Website: https://ro.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic Representation in the US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador Dan Andrei MURARU (since 15 September 2021)
• Chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
• Telephone: [1] (202) 332-4829; [1] (202) 332-4846
• FAX: [1] (202) 232-4748
• Email: washington@mae.ro
• Consulate(s) General: Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York

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Geographic Location

Europe

Geographic Coordinates

46 00 N, 25 00 E

Total Area

92,043 Square Miles 238,391 Square Kilometers

Land Area

88,761 Square Miles 229,891 Square Kilometers

Water Area

3,282 Square Miles 8,500 Square Kilometers

Land Boundaries

1,558 Miles 2,508 Kilometers

Border Countries

Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km

Coastline

140 Miles 225 Kilometers

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Terrain

central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

Highest Point

2,544 Meters

Highest Point Location

Moldoveanu 2,544 m

Lowest Point Location

Black Sea 0 m

Natural Resources

petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower

Irrigated Land

2,376 Square Miles 6,153 Square Kilometers

Time Zone

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

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Climate

Romania has a continental climate, particularly in the Old Kingdom (east and south of the Carpathians).

A long, and occasionally harsh, winter (December-March), a hot summer (May-August), and a prolonged autumn (September-November) are the principal seasons.

The average daily minimum temperature for Bucharest (February) is 28.6ºF, and the average daily maximum (August) is 95ºF.

Rainfall, heaviest from April through July, averages 5 inches in June.

Terrain

central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine

Total Area

92,043 Square Miles 238,391 Square Kilometers

Border Countries

Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km

Environment - Current Issues

• soil erosion and degradation
• water pollution
• air pollution in south from industrial effluents
• contamination of Danube delta wetlands

Environment - International Agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

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Exports

$51,910,000,000 (USD)

Imports

$59,840,000,000 (USD)

Major Exports

textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products

Major Imports

machinery and equipment, fuels and minerals, chemicals, textile and products, basic metals, agricultural products

Top Export Partners

Italy 25.2%, Germany 15.6%, France 7.6%, UK 5.8%, US 4.3%, Turkey 4.1%

Top Import Partners

Italy 20.8%, Germany 14.9%, Russia 7.2%, France 6.4%

Export Partners

Italy 25.2%, Germany 15.6%, France 7.6%, UK 5.8%, US 4.3%, Turkey 4.1%

Import Partners

Italy 20.8%, Germany 14.9%, Russia 7.2%, France 6.4%

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Country Description

Romania is a republic and a member of both NATO and the European Union.

The country has a market-oriented economy with developed tourist facilities in the capital, Bucharest, and facilities of varying quality throughout the rest of the country.

Safety & Security

Romania remains largely free of terrorist incidents.

The Romanian equivalent to the “911” emergency line is 112.

English-speaking operators are available.

Prior police notice is required for public demonstrations, and police oversight is routinely provided.

The ongoing financial crisis and resulting austerity measures have increased the occurrences of strikes and public demonstrations in Romania, especially in Bucharest.

To date, protests have remained peaceful.

However, even demonstrations that are meant to be peaceful can become violent and unpredictable; you should avoid them if at all possible.

Be alert and aware of your surroundings and pay attention to what the local news media has to say.

Information on specific demonstrations can be found on the Embassy website’s Demonstration Notices page.

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Crime

While most crimes in Romania are nonviolent, crimes do occur in which people do get hurt and even severely injured, especially at nightclubs and bars.

Reports of sexual assault are uncommon; however, to be safe, be vigilant, especially at night and in situations involving alcohol.

Although racial prejudice exists in Romania, especially toward those who look like Roma (“gypsies”), hate crimes are rare.

Crimes against tourists, such as robbery, pick pocketing, and confidence schemes remain problematic.

Organized groups of thieves and pickpockets, sometimes including minors, operate in train stations and on trains, subways, and buses in major cities.

A number of thefts and assaults have occurred on overnight trains, including thefts from passengers in closed compartments.

The U.S.

Embassy recommends using the highest class available for train travel, and traveling with at least one other person.

Avoid leaving your personal belongings unattended; stow them securely out of sight if leaving them in a parked car.

Credit card and internet fraud remain among the most common crimes affecting foreigners in Romania.

Romania is largely a "cash-only" economy.

While an increasing number of businesses accept credit cards, you may wish to use cash for goods and services rendered due to the risk of credit card fraud.

Vendors, including restaurant staff, have been known to misuse credit card information by making illegal purchases on a customer's account.

There are an increasing number of Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) located throughout major cities, and sophisticated identity theft rings target them.

Try to use ATMs located inside banks and check for any evidence of tampering before use.

Be cautious when using publicly available internet terminals, such as in internet cafes, as sensitive personal information, account passwords, etc. may be compromised.

You should be alert to money exchange schemes targeting travelers.

Some of these ploys have become sophisticated, involving individuals posing as plainclothes policemen who approach you, flashing a badge, and asking for your passport and wallet.

If presented with a situation like this, you should insist on the presence of a uniformed police officer and request that any problem be resolved at a police station.

You should be cautious about entering into contracts with Romanian groups and/or organizations.

There have been a number of incidents in which such contracts have not been honored.

As a result, the U.S.

Embassy recommends that all contracts entered into by foreigners are reviewed by a Romanian attorney.

The Romanian legal system is difficult for foreigners to navigate, making the assistance of a local attorney nearly essential.

You should be very careful about developing relationships with individuals known only through contact over the Internet.

Professional thieves in Romania commonly target U.S. citizens by contacting them through chat rooms or personal advertisements.

They generally identify themselves as young Romanian women and develop a "relationship" with their victims over time.

Requests for money may not begin for six months or longer when a fictional child becomes ill, a job is lost; a business needs start-up cash, etc.

While numerous variations of this scam exist, money extortion remains the ultimate goal.

If you believe you may have fallen victim to this kind of scam, contact American Citizens Services at the U.S.

Embassy.

Romanian authorities may be reluctant to prosecute these crimes unless you can show that coercion was used or a significant amount of your money was stolen.

Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available.

Not only are the bootlegs illegal to bring back into the United States, but by buying them you may be breaking local law too.

Criminal Penalties

While traveling or living in Romania, you are subject to Romanian laws even if you are a U.S. citizen.

Romanian laws and legal systems can be vastly differentthan our own.

Criminal penalties may vary as well.

Please see the

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Medical Facilities

Medical care in Romania is generally not up to Western standards and basic medical supplies are limited, especially outside major cities.

Some medical providers that meet Western quality standards are available in Bucharest and other cities but can be difficult to locate.

Sanitary conditions in hospitals are variable.

Nursing care and assistance from orderlies is often lacking in hospitals.

Families often provide basic assistance to hospitalized relatives that U.S. citizens generally expect the hospital to provide.

Travelers seeking medical treatment should choose their provider carefully.

Most prescription drugs and over-the-counter medication are available in Romania but may be sold under different brand names.

Specific individual drugs may not be available due to differences in laws and regulations.

Tuberculosis is an increasingly serious health concern in Romania.

Response times for emergency services vary widely depending on the region of the country and the nature of the emergency.

Romania has helicopter services available for the most critical medical evacuation situations.

Traffic Safety

While in Romania, you will encounter road conditions that significantly differ from those in the United States.

Traffic accidents are arguably the single most dangerous threat for U.S. citizens visiting Romania.

The World Economic Forum ranks Romania 142 out of 144 states for road quality, with a limited number of freeways and infrequent passing lanes.

While major streets in larger cities and major inter-city roads are generally in fair to good condition, many secondary roads are in poor repair, unpaved, badly lighted, narrow, and lacking marked lanes.

According to the European Union Road Federation, Romania has the highest per vehicle rate of traffic fatalities of any country in the EU.

It is essential to practice defensive driving techniques if you choose to drive in Romania.

Roads, especially in the mountains, can be particularly dangerous when wet or covered with snow or ice.

Winter snow removal, even in cities and on major highways, can be intermittent.

Pedestrians, animals, cyclists, and horse-drawn carts share many roads with motor vehicles and it can be extremely difficult to see, particularly at night in rural areas.

Parked vehicles often block sidewalks, forcing pedestrians to walk in the streets.

Maintain vigilance when driving to avoid hitting those who are walking in the streets.

Cross the street only at crosswalks, and always look both ways before crossing.

Crosswalks are generally poorly marked and may be ignored by drivers even if there is a traffic light.

Romanian traffic laws are very strict.

The traffic police can confiscate any form of a driver's license or permit for 1-3 months and request payment of fines at the time of the infraction; this includes minor infractions such as failing to yield to pedestrians at crosswalks.

There is zero tolerance for driving under the influence of alcohol.

Police are required to give all drivers involved in an accident breathalyzer tests on the scene.

Refusal to take a breathalyzer test will result in criminal penalties regardless of whether or not alcohol was involved.

Driving under the influence of alcohol or causing an accident resulting in injury or death may result in imprisonment.

U.S. driver's licenses are only valid in Romania for up to 90 days.

Before the 90-day period has expired, U.S. citizens must either obtain an international driving permit in addition to their U.S. driver's license or a Romanian driver's license.

Wearing a seat belt is mandatory.

Children under 12 years of age may not be transported in the front seat.

Unless otherwise marked with road signs, speed limits are as follows: Intercity traffic on highways 130 km/hr for cars and motorcycles (80 miles/hr) 110 km/hr for vans (65 miles/hr) Urban traffic - 50 km/hr (30 miles/hr) Express and European roads 100 km/hour for cars and motorcycles (60 miles/hr) 90 km/hour for vans (55 miles/hr) All other roads 90 km/hr for cars and motorcycles (55 miles/hr) 80 km/hr for vans (50 miles/hr) Motor vehicles with trailers, and drivers with less than one year of driving experience have speed limits 20 km/hr (or 12 miles/hr) slower than those listed above.The host country authority responsible for road safety is the Traffic Police of the Romanian Ministry of Interior.

You can reach emergency roadside help and information for vehicle assistance and towing services by dialing 9271.

For ambulance services, fire brigade, or police dial 112.

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Airports - total

45

Airports with Paved Runways

26

Heliports

2

Railways

6,697 Miles 10,777 Kilometers

Roadways- total

52,310 Miles 84,185 Kilometers

Roadways- paved

30,990 Miles 49,873 Kilometers

Waterways

1,076 Miles 1,731 Kilometers

Ports and Terminals

Braila, Constanta, Galati, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea

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Pipelines: Gas

2,315 Miles 3,726 Kilometers

Pipelines: Oil

1,523 Miles 2,451 Kilometers

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Telephones

5,313,000

Cell Phones

22,875,000

Internet Users

12,000,000

Internet Country Code

.ro

Internet Hosts

2,464,000

Broadcast Media

• a mixture of public and private TV stations
• the public broadcaster operates multiple stations
• roughly 100 private national, regional, and local stations
• more than 75% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems that provide access to Romanian, European, and international stations
• state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations
• more than 100 private radio stations

Telephone System

• assessment: the telecommunications sector is being expanded and modernized; domestic and international service improving rapidly, especially mobile-cellular services
• domestic: more than 90 percent of telephone network is automatic; fixed-line teledensity exceeds 20 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 telephones per 100 persons
• international: country code - 40; the Black Sea Fiber Optic System provides connectivity to Bulgaria and Turkey; satellite earth stations - 10; digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest

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Electricity Consumption- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

49,440,000,000

Electricity Exports- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

5,169,000,000

Electricity Imports- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

921,000,000

Electricity Production- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

58,280,000,000

Natural Gas Consumption - Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

13,480,000,000

Natural Gas Imports- Cubic Meters (cu m)

2,850,000,000

Natural Gas Production- Cubic Meters (cu m)

10,630,000,000

Natural Gas Reserves- Cubic Meters (cu m)

105,500,000,000

Oil Consumption- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

218,200

Oil Exports- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

1,604

Oil Imports- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

122,000

Oil Production- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

119,000

Oil Reserves- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

600,000,000

3 facts — expand for details.

Anthem History

adopted 1990; the anthem was written during the 1848 Revolution

Anthem Lyrics

„Desteapta-te, Romane!“ Desteapta-te, romane, din somnul cel de moarte, In care te-adancira barbarii de tirani!

Acum ori niciodata croieste-ti alta soarte, La care sa se-nchine si cruzii tai dusmani!

Acum ori niciodata sa dam dovezi in lume Ca-n aste mani mai curge un sange de roman, Si ca-n a noastre piepturi pastram cu fala-un nume Triumfator in lupte, un nume de Traian!

Priviti, marete umbre, Mihai, Stefan, Corvine, Romana natiune, ai vostri stranepoti, Cu bratele armate, cu focul vostru-n vine, „Viata-n libertate ori moarte!“ striga toti.

Preoti, cu crucea-n frunte! caci oastea e crestina, Deviza-i libertate si scopul ei preasfant, Murim mai bine-n lupta, cu glorie deplina, Decat sa fim sclavi iarasi in vechiul nost' pamant!

Anthem Lyrics English

“Awaken Thee, Romanian!” Awaken thee, Romanian, shake off the deadly slumber The scourge of inauspicious barbarian tyrannies And now or never to a bright horizon clamber That shall to shame put all your nocuous enemies.

It’s now or never to the world we readily proclaim In our veins throbs and ancestry of Roman And in our hearts for ever we glorify a name Resounding of battle, the name of gallant Trajan.

Do look imperial shadows, Michael, Stephen, Corvinus At the Romanian nation, your mighty progeny With arms like steel and hearts of fire impetuous It’s either free or dead, that’s what they all decree.

Priests, rise the cross, this Christian army’s liberating The word is freedom, no less sacred is the end We’d rather die in battle, in elevated glory Than live again enslaved on our ancestral land.