Government & politics — Mongolia

• 29 December 1911 (independence declared from China
• in actuality, autonomy attained)
• 11 July 1921 (from China)

Naadam (games) holiday (commemorates independence from China in the 1921 Revolution), 11-15 July; Constitution Day (marks the date that the Mongolian People's Republic was created under a new constitution), 26 November (1924)

• history: several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992,
• effective 12 February 1992 amendments: proposed by the State Great Hural, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes; amended 1999, 2000, 2019, 2023; note - an amendment passed in a referendum held in May 2023 increased the seats in the State Great Hural from 76 to 126

• chief of state: President
• Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (since 25 June 2021) head of government: Prime
• Minister Gombojavyn ZANDANSHATAR (since 13 June 2025) cabinet: Cabinet directly
• appointed by the prime minister election/appointment process: presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in the State Great Hural and directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for one 6-year term; following legislative elections, the State Great Hural usually elects the leader of the majority party or m
• ajority coalition as prime minister most recent election date: 9
• June 2021 election results: 2021: Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH elected president in first round; percent of vote - Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (MPP) 68%, Dangaasuren ENKHBAT (RPEC) 20.1%, Sodnomzundui ERDENE (DP) 6% 2017: Khaltmaa BATTULGA elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA (DP) 38.1%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD (MPP) 30.3%, Sainkhuu GANBAATAR (MPRP) 30.2%, invalid 1.4%; percent of vote in second round - Khaltmaa BATTULGA 55.2%, Miyegombo ENKHBOLD 44.8%
• expected date of next election: 2027

Description

unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (126 seats; 78 members directly elected in a selected constituency by simple majority vote and 48 members directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms);

Note

a constitutional referendum passed in May 2023 increased the number of seats to 126 from 76

Elections

last held on 24 June 2020 (next to be held 30 June 2024)

Election Results

• percent of vote by party - MPP 44.9%, DP 24.5%, Our Coalition 8.1%, independent 8.7%, Right Person Electorate Coalition 5.2%, other 8.5%
• seats by party - MPP 62, DP 11, Our Coalition 1, Right Person Electorate Coalition 1
• independent 1;

Composition

• 63 men, 13 women
• percent of women 17.1%

• highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 24 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of t
• he chairman and 8 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice and judges appointed by the president upon recommendation by the General Council of Courts - a 14-member body of judges and judicial officials - to the State Great Hural; appointment is for life; chairman of the Constitutional Court elected from among its members; members appointed from nominations by the State Great Hural - 3 each by the president, the State Great Hural, and the Supreme Court; appointment is 6 years; chairmanship
• limited to a single renewable 3-year term subordinate courts: aimag (provincial) and capital city appellate courts; soum, inter-soum, and district courts; Administrative Cases Courts

21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs

• 36 parties registered for the 2020 legislative elections to the State Great Hural
• among them, the following parties won seats: Democratic Party or DP [Sodnomzunduin ERDENE]
• Mongolian People's Party or MPP [Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH] others include: Civil Will-Green Party or CWGP [Tserendorj GANKHUYAG]
• Justice Party [Batbayar NASANBILEG]
• Mongolian National Democratic Party or MNDP [Bayanjargal TSOGTGEREL]
• Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]
• Mongolian Social Democratic Party or MSDP [Adiya GANBAATAR]
• Mongolian Traditionally United Party or MTUP [Batdelgeriin BATBOLD]
• National Labor Party or HUN [Togmidyn DORJKHAND]
• Coalitions: Our Coalition (MPRP, CWGP, and MTUP)
• Right Person Electorate Coalition or RPEC (HUN, MSDP, Justice Party) [Togmidyn DORJKHAND]

• no citizenship by descent only: both parents must be citizens of Mongolia; o
• no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, OSCE, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

chief of mission

Ambassador Richard L. BUANGAN (since November 2022) embassy: Denver Street #3, 11th Micro-District, Ulaanbaatar 14190 mailing address: 4410 Ulaanbaatar Place, Washington DC 20521-4410

telephone

[976] 7007-6001

FAX

[976] 7007-6174

Email address and website

• UlaanbaatarACS@state.gov
• https://mn.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission

Ambassador BATBAYAR Ulziidelger (since 1 December 2021)

chancery

2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone

[1] (202) 333-7117

FAX

[1] (202) 298-9227

Email address and website

• washington@mfa.gov.mn
• http://mongolianembassy.us/

consulate(s) general

New York, San Francisco