Demographics & population — Mongolia
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Mongolia: 3,168,026
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Population overview
- Population
3,168,026
- Population Growth Rate
1.44%
- Urban Population
- Population in Major Urban Areas
ULAANBAATAR (capital) 1.184 million
Age & family
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Mongol (predominantly Khalkha) 85%, Turkic (of which Kazakh is the largest group) 7%, Tungusic 4.6%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 3.4%
- Nationality Noun
Mongolian(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
97.8%
- Literacy - male
98%
- Literacy - female
97.5%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
5.5%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
63
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
2.76
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
6.8
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
5.3%
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
14.4%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
5.3%