Demographics & population — Mali
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Mali: 19,553,397
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
19,553,397
- Population Growth Rate
3.01%
- Urban Population
34.900000
- Population in Major Urban Areas
BAMAKO (capital) 2.037 million
Age & family
- Age Structure
47.270000
- Median Age
16.000000
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
46
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
13.55
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
6.25
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
8.2%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
8.2%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
18.6
- Mother's mean age at first birth
18.6
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
1.030000
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-2.41
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
- Nationality Noun
Malian(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
46.4%
- Literacy - male
53.5%
- Literacy - female
39.6%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
4.8%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
9.000000
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
54.550000
- Infant Mortality Rate
106.490000
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
106.490000
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
540
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
.08
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
.1
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
6.8%
- Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk
very high
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
4.3%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
90.900000
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
35.300000
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
27.9%