Government & politics — Indonesia

• history: drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945
• constitution restored 5 July 1959 amendments: proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended; amended several times, last in 2002

• chief of state: President PRABOWO Subian
• to Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024) head of government: President PRA
• BOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024) cabinet: Ca
• binet appointed by the president election/appointment process: president and vice president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote for a 5-yea
• r term (eligible for a second term) most recent election date: 14
• February 2024 election results: 2024: PRABOWO Subianto elected president (assumes office 20 October 2024); percent of vote - PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 58.6%, Anies Rasyid BASWEDAN (Independent) 24.9%, GANJAR Pranowo (PDI-P) 16.5% 2019: Joko WIDODO reelected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55.5%, PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (GERINDRA) 44.5%
• expected date of next election: 2029
• note: the president is both chief of state and head of government

Description

bicameral People's Consultative Assembly or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat consists of: Regional Representative Council or Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (136 seats; non-partisan members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 4 each from the country's 34 electoral districts - by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms);

Note

• the Regional Representative Council has no legislative authority House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (575 seats
• members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by single non-transferable vote to serve 5-year terms)

Elections

Regional Representative Council - last held on 17 April 2019 (next to be held in February 2024) House of Representatives - last held on 17 April 2019 (next to be held 14 February 2024)

Election Results

• Regional Representative Council - all seats elected on a non-partisan basis
• composition as of January 2024 - men 102, women 34, percent of women 25% House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDI-P 19.3%, Gerindra 12.6%, Golkar 12.3%, PKB 9.7%, Nasdem 9.1%, PKS 8.2%, PD 7.8%, PAN 6.8%, PPP 4.5%, other 9.6%
• seats by party - PDI-P 128, Golkar 85, Gerindra 78, Nasdem 59, PKB 58, PD 54, PKS 50, PAN 44, PPP 19
• composition as of January 2024 - men 449, women 126, percent of women 21.9%
• total People's Consultative Assembly percent of women 22.5%

• highest court(s): Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstit
• usi (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges
• serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts

35 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region (daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district* (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta*, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Papua Barat Daya (Southwest Papua), Papua Pegunungan (Papua Highlands), Papua Selatan (South Papua), Papua Tengah (Central Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services

• Democrat Party or PD [Agus Harimurti YUDHOYONO]
• Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [Airlangga HARTARTO]
• Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo]
• Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]
• National Awakening Party or PKB [Muhaiman ISKANDAR]
• National Democratic Party or NasDem [Surya PALOH]
• National Mandate Party or PAN [Zulkifli HASAN]
• Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Ahmad SYAIKHU]
• United Development Party or PPP [Muhamad MARDIONO]
• Note: these parties are those represented in national and regional legislatures; additional parties are represented in only regional legislatures

• 17 years of age
• universal
• married persons regardless of age

• no citizenship by descent only: at least one pare
• no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years

• Jakarta
• note - Indonesian lawmakers on 18 January 2022 approved the relocation of the country’s capital from Jakarta to a site on the island of Borneo between Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan
• Nusantara ("archipelago"), the name of the new capital, is expected to be established in August 2024

ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IORA, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, MSG (associate member), NAM, OECD (enhanced engagement), OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

chief of mission

Ambassador Sung Y. KIM (since 21 October 2020) embassy: Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5, Jakarta 10110 mailing address: 8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC 20521-8200

telephone

[62] (21) 5083-1000

FAX

[62] (21) 385-7189

Email address and website

• jakartaacs@state.gov
• https://id.usembassy.gov/

consulate(s) general

Surabaya

chief of mission

Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Ida Bagus Made BIMANTARA (since 30 November 2023)

chancery

2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone

[1] (202) 775-5200

FAX

[1] (202) 775-5236

Email address and website

• washington.kbri@kemlu.go.id
• https://www.kemlu.go.id/washington/en#!

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco