Demographics & population — Indonesia
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Indonesia: 267,026,366
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
267,026,366
- Population Growth Rate
0.99%
- Urban Population
- Population in Major Urban Areas
- JAKARTA (capital) 9.769 million
- Surabaya 2.787 million
- Bandung 2.429 million
- Medan 2.118 million
- Semarang 1.573 million
- Palembang 1.455 million
Age & family
- Age Structure
- Median Age
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
17
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
6.31
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
2.2
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
61.9%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
61.9%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
22.8
- Mother's mean age at first birth
22.8
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-1.19
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%
- Language Note
The official language is Indonesian (a variety of Malay). However, some 300 other languages are also spoken in the country. One of them, Javanese is the most common with more than 70 million speakers. More than half the population speaks some Indonesian or Malay. Because Dutch was the official language until 1942, some older adults still speak it. English is the leading international language and is taught as a second language in the schools (after Indonesian). Ethnic languages are taught in special classes.
- Nationality Noun
Indonesian(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
90.4%
- Literacy - male
92.5%
- Literacy - female
83.4%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
2.8%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
220
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
.2
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
.6
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
2.7%
- Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk
very high
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
18.6%