Geography & environment — Georgia
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Georgia: Asia, intersection of Western Asia and Eastern Europe
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Asia, intersection of Western Asia and Eastern Europe
- Geographic Coordinates
42 00 N, 43 30 E
- Total Area
26,911 Square Miles 69,700 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
26,911 Square Miles 69,700 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
908 Miles 1,461 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
- Coastline
193 Miles 310 Kilometers
Physical geography
- Terrain
- Largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south
- Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west
- Mtkvari River Basin in the east
- good soils in river valley flood plains,
- Highest Point
5,201 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m
- Lowest Point Location
Black Sea 0 m
- Natural Resources
Forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
- Irrigated Land
1,671 Square Miles 4,328 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Climate
- Climate
Protected by the Black Sea and Caucasus Mountains, Georgia's climate is relatively mild. Seasonal temperatures range from winter daytime highs of 32°F-35°F to summer daytime highs of 86°F-93°F. Except in the subtropical regions, humidity is relatively low in summer. Spring daytime highs average in the high 60s to the mid 70s. The weather allows for outside activity most of the year.
- Terrain
- Largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south
- Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west
- Mtkvari River Basin in the east
- good soils in river valley flood plains,
- Location
Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe
- Total Area
26,911 Square Miles 69,700 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
Air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi
heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea
inadequate supplies of potable water
soil pollution from toxic chemicals
- Environment - International Agreements
Party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands Signed, but not ratified: None of the selected agreements