Demographics & population — Russia
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Russia: 140,820,810
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Population overview
- Population
140,820,810
- Population Growth Rate
-0.49%
- Population Distribution
population is heavily concentrated in the westernmost fifth of the country extending from the Baltic Sea, south to the Caspian Sea, and eastward parallel to the Kazakh border; elsewhere, sizeable pockets are isolated and generally found in the south
- Urban Population
- urban population: 75.3%
- of total population rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- Population in Major Urban Areas
12.680 million MOSCOW (capital), 5.561 million Saint Petersburg, 1.695 million Novosibirsk, 1.528 million Yekaterinburg, 1.292 million Kazan, 1.251 million Nizhniy Novgorod
- Population: Male/Female
- male: 65,496,805
- female: 75,324,005
Age & family
- Age Structure
- years: 16.5% (male 11,956,284/female 11,313,829) 15-64
- years: 65.7% (male 45,007,073/female 47,518,221) 65
- years and over: 17.8% (male 8,533,448/female 16,491,955)
- Median Age
- total: 41.9
- years male: 39.4
- years female: 44.5 years
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
8
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
14
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.52
- Gross reproduction rate
1
- Child Marriage
- women married by age 15: 0.3%
- women married by age 18: 6.2%
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
68%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
68%
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.1%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
25.2
- Mother's mean age at first birth
25.2
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
- at birth: 1.06
- male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06
- male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95
- male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.52
- male(s)/female total population: 0.87 male(s)/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
.8
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9%
- Language Note
Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1%; note - data represent native language spoken
- Nationality Noun
- Russian(s) adjective: Russian
Education
- Literacy - total population
99.7%
- Literacy - male
99.7%
- Literacy - female
99.7%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
3.7%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
- total: 16
- years male: 16
- years female: 16 years
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- total population: 72.3
- years male: 67.4
- years female: 77.4 years
- Infant Mortality Rate
- total: 6.5 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 7.2 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- total: 6.5 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 7.2 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
14
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
3.82
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
7.1
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
7.6%
- Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk
- bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, tickborne encephalitis
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
23.1%
- Tobacco Use
- total: 26.8%
- male: 40.8%
- female: 12.8%
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 7.29
- liters of pure alcohol beer: 3.04
- liters of pure alcohol wine: 0.97
- liters of pure alcohol spirits: 3.16
- liters of pure alcohol other alcohols: 0.12 liters of pure alcohol
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- urban: 99.1%
- of population rural: 93.1%
- of population total: 97.6%
- urban: 0.9%
- of population rural: 6.9%
- of population total: 2.4% of population
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- urban: 95.2%
- of population rural: 72.3%
- of population total: 89.4%
- urban: 4.8%
- of population rural: 27.7%
- of population total: 10.6% of population