Government & politics — Philippines

• Independence Day, 12 June (1898)
• note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain
• 4 July 1946 was date of independence from the US

• history: several previous; latest ratified 2 February 1987,
• effective 11 February 1987 amendments: proposed by Congress if supported by three fourths of the membership, by a constitutional convention called by Congress, or by public petition; passage by either of the three proposal methods requires a majority vote in a national referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1987

• chief of state: President Ferdinand "BongBong" MARCOS, Jr. (since 30 June 2022); Vice President Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (since 30 June 2022); note - the president is
• both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ferdinand "BongBong" MARCOS, Jr. (since 30 June 2022); Vi
• ce President Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (since 30 June 2022) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission of Appointments, an independent body of 25 Congressional members including the Senate president (ex officio chairman),
• appointed by the president elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held o
• n 9 May 2022 (next to be held on 9 May 2028) election results: 2022: Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (PFP) 58.7%, Leni ROBREDO (independent) 27.9%, Manny PACQUIAO (PROMDI) 6.8%, other 6.6%; Sara DUTERTE-Carpio elected vice president; percent of vote Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (Lakas-CMD) 61.5%, Francis PANGILINAN (LP) 17.8%, Tito SOTTO 15.8%, other 4.9% 2016: Rodrigo DUTERTE elected president; percent of vote - Rodrigo DUTERTE (PDP-Laban) 39%, Manuel "Mar" ROXAS (LP) 23.5%, Grace POE (independent) 21.4%, Jejomar BINAY (UNA) 12.7%, Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO (PRP) 3.4%; Leni ROBREDO elected vice president; percent of vote Leni ROBREDO (LP) 35.1%, Bongbong MARCOS (independent) 34.5%, Alan CAYETANO 14.4%, Francis ESCUDERO (independent) 12%, other 4%

Description

bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of: Senate or Senado (24 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (316 seats; 253 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 63 representing minorities directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)

Elections

Senate - elections last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025) House of Representatives - elections last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)

Election Results

• - Senate - percent of vote by party - NA
• seats by party - NPC 5, PDP-Laban 5, NP 4, other 5, independent 5;

Composition

• men 17, women 7, percentage women 29.2% House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP-Laban 22.7%, NP 13.7%, NUP 12.6%, NPC 11.7%, Lakas-CMD 9.4%, LP 3.8%, HNP 2.5%, other 19.6%, independent 4%
• seats by party - PDP-Laban 66, NP 36, NPC 35, NUP 33, Lakas-CMD 26, LP 10, HNP 6, other 35, independent 6, party-list 63;

Composition

• men 226, women 85, percentage women 27.3%
• total Congress percentage women 27.5%

• highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice
• and 14 associate justices) judge selection and term of office: justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council, a constitutionally-created, 6-member body that recommends Supreme Court nominees;
• justices serve until age 70 subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; Sandiganbayan (special court for corruption cases of government officials); Court of Tax Appeals; regional, metropolitan, and municipal trial courts; sharia courts

Summary

81 provinces

Regions or States

• and 38 chartered cities provinces: Abra
• Agusan del Norte
• Agusan del Sur
• Aklan
• Albay
• Antique
• Apayao
• Aurora
• Basilan
• Bataan
• Batanes
• Batangas
• Biliran
• Benguet
• Bohol
• Bukidnon
• Bulacan
• Cagayan
• Camarines Norte
• Camarines Sur
• Camiguin
• Capiz
• Catanduanes
• Cavite
• Cebu
• Cotabato
• Davao del Norte
• Davao del Sur
• Davao de Oro
• Davao Occidental
• Davao Oriental
• Dinagat Islands
• Eastern Samar
• Guimaras
• Ifugao
• Ilocos Norte
• Ilocos Sur
• Iloilo
• Isabela
• Kalinga
• Laguna
• Lanao del Norte
• Lanao del Sur
• La Union
• Leyte
• Maguindanao
• Marinduque
• Masbate
• Mindoro Occidental
• Mindoro Oriental
• Misamis Occidental
• Misamis Oriental
• Mountain
• Negros Occidental
• Negros Oriental
• Northern Samar
• Nueva Ecija
• Nueva Vizcaya
• Palawan
• Pampanga
• Pangasinan
• Quezon
• Quirino
• Rizal
• Romblon
• Samar
• Sarangani
• Siquijor
• Sorsogon
• South Cotabato
• Southern Leyte
• Sultan Kudarat
• Sulu
• Surigao del Norte
• Surigao del Sur
• Tarlac
• Tawi-Tawi
• Zambales
• Zamboanga del Norte
• Zamboanga del Sur
• Zamboanga Sibugay; chartered cities: Angeles
• Bacolod
• Baguio
• Butuan
• Cagayan de Oro
• Caloocan
• Cebu
• Cotabato
• Dagupan
• Davao
• General Santos
• Iligan
• Iloilo
• Lapu-Lapu
• Las Pinas
• Lucena
• Makati
• Malabon
• Mandaluyong
• Mandaue
• Manila
• Marikina
• Muntinlupa
• Naga
• Navotas
• Olongapo
• Ormoc
• Paranaque
• Pasay
• Pasig
• Puerto Princesa
• Quezon
• San Juan
• Santiago
• Tacloban
• Taguig
• Valenzuela
• Zamboanga

• Democratic Action (Aksyon Demokratiko) [Ernesto RAMEL, Jr]
• Alliance for Change (Hugpong ng Pagbabago or HNP) [Claude BAUTISTA]
• Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Sara DUTERTE-CARPIO]
• Liberal Party or LP [Francis PANGILINAN]
• Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel "Manny" VILLAR]
• Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Mark COJUANGCO]
• National Unity Party or NUP [Ronaldo V. PUNO]
• Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan or PDP-Laban [Rodrigo DUTERTE]
• Partido Federal ng Pilipinas or PFP [Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr.]
• Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives or PROMDI [Mariano "Mimo" OSMENA]

• no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent mus
• no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

chief of mission

Ambassador MaryKay Loss CARLSON (since 22 July 2022) embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Manila 1000 mailing address: 8600 Manila Place, Washington DC 20521-8600

telephone

[63] (2) 5301-2000

FAX

[63] (2) 5301-2017

Email address and website

• acsinfomanila@state.gov
• https://ph.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission

Ambassador Jose Manuel del Gallego ROMUALDEZ (since 29 November 2017)

chancery

1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone

[1] (202) 467-9300

FAX

[1] (202) 328-7614

Email address and website

• info@phembassy-us.org

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)