Government & politics — Philippines

• Independence Day, 12 June (1898)
• note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain
• 4 July 1946 was date of independence from the US

• history: several previous; latest ratified 2 February 1987,
• effective 11 February 1987 amendments: proposed by Congress if supported by three fourths of the membership, by a constitutional convention called by Congress, or by public petition; passage by either of the three proposal methods requires a majority vote in a national referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1987

• chief of state: President Ferdinand "BongBong" MARCOS, Jr. (since 30 June 2022); Vice President Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (since 30 June 2022); note - the president is
• both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ferdinand "BongBong" MARCOS, Jr. (since 30 June 2022); Vi
• ce President Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (since 30 June 2022) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission of Appointments, an independent body of 25 Congressional members including the Senate president (ex officio chairman),
• appointed by the president elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on separate ballots by simple majority popular vote for a single 6-year term; election last held o
• n 9 May 2022 (next to be held on 9 May 2028) election results: 2022: Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. elected president; percent of vote - Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr. (PFP) 58.7%, Leni ROBREDO (independent) 27.9%, Manny PACQUIAO (PROMDI) 6.8%, other 6.6%; Sara DUTERTE-Carpio elected vice president; percent of vote Sara DUTERTE-Carpio (Lakas-CMD) 61.5%, Francis PANGILINAN (LP) 17.8%, Tito SOTTO 15.8%, other 4.9% 2016: Rodrigo DUTERTE elected president; percent of vote - Rodrigo DUTERTE (PDP-Laban) 39%, Manuel "Mar" ROXAS (LP) 23.5%, Grace POE (independent) 21.4%, Jejomar BINAY (UNA) 12.7%, Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO (PRP) 3.4%; Leni ROBREDO elected vice president; percent of vote Leni ROBREDO (LP) 35.1%, Bongbong MARCOS (independent) 34.5%, Alan CAYETANO 14.4%, Francis ESCUDERO (independent) 12%, other 4%

Description

bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of: Senate or Senado (24 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by majority vote; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years) House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (316 seats; 253 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 63 representing minorities directly elected by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 3-year terms)

Elections

Senate - elections last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025) House of Representatives - elections last held on 9 May 2022 (next to be held in May 2025)

Election Results

• - Senate - percent of vote by party - NA
• seats by party - NPC 5, PDP-Laban 5, NP 4, other 5, independent 5;

Composition

• men 17, women 7, percentage women 29.2% House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP-Laban 22.7%, NP 13.7%, NUP 12.6%, NPC 11.7%, Lakas-CMD 9.4%, LP 3.8%, HNP 2.5%, other 19.6%, independent 4%
• seats by party - PDP-Laban 66, NP 36, NPC 35, NUP 33, Lakas-CMD 26, LP 10, HNP 6, other 35, independent 6, party-list 63;

Composition

• men 226, women 85, percentage women 27.3%
• total Congress percentage women 27.5%

• highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice
• and 14 associate justices) judge selection and term of office: justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council, a constitutionally-created, 6-member body that recommends Supreme Court nominees;
• justices serve until age 70 subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; Sandiganbayan (special court for corruption cases of government officials); Court of Tax Appeals; regional, metropolitan, and municipal trial courts; sharia courts

Summary

81 provinces

Regions or States

• and 38 chartered cities provinces: Abra
• Agusan del Norte
• Agusan del Sur
• Aklan
• Albay
• Antique
• Apayao
• Aurora
• Basilan
• Bataan
• Batanes
• Batangas
• Biliran
• Benguet
• Bohol
• Bukidnon
• Bulacan
• Cagayan
• Camarines Norte
• Camarines Sur
• Camiguin
• Capiz
• Catanduanes
• Cavite
• Cebu
• Cotabato
• Davao del Norte
• Davao del Sur
• Davao de Oro
• Davao Occidental
• Davao Oriental
• Dinagat Islands
• Eastern Samar
• Guimaras
• Ifugao
• Ilocos Norte
• Ilocos Sur
• Iloilo
• Isabela
• Kalinga
• Laguna
• Lanao del Norte
• Lanao del Sur
• La Union
• Leyte
• Maguindanao
• Marinduque
• Masbate
• Mindoro Occidental
• Mindoro Oriental
• Misamis Occidental
• Misamis Oriental
• Mountain
• Negros Occidental
• Negros Oriental
• Northern Samar
• Nueva Ecija
• Nueva Vizcaya
• Palawan
• Pampanga
• Pangasinan
• Quezon
• Quirino
• Rizal
• Romblon
• Samar
• Sarangani
• Siquijor
• Sorsogon
• South Cotabato
• Southern Leyte
• Sultan Kudarat
• Sulu
• Surigao del Norte
• Surigao del Sur
• Tarlac
• Tawi-Tawi
• Zambales
• Zamboanga del Norte
• Zamboanga del Sur
• Zamboanga Sibugay; chartered cities: Angeles
• Bacolod
• Baguio
• Butuan
• Cagayan de Oro
• Caloocan
• Cebu
• Cotabato
• Dagupan
• Davao
• General Santos
• Iligan
• Iloilo
• Lapu-Lapu
• Las Pinas
• Lucena
• Makati
• Malabon
• Mandaluyong
• Mandaue
• Manila
• Marikina
• Muntinlupa
• Naga
• Navotas
• Olongapo
• Ormoc
• Paranaque
• Pasay
• Pasig
• Puerto Princesa
• Quezon
• San Juan
• Santiago
• Tacloban
• Taguig
• Valenzuela
• Zamboanga

• Democratic Action (Aksyon Demokratiko) [Ernesto RAMEL, Jr]
• Alliance for Change (Hugpong ng Pagbabago or HNP) [Claude BAUTISTA]
• Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Sara DUTERTE-CARPIO]
• Liberal Party or LP [Francis PANGILINAN]
• Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel "Manny" VILLAR]
• Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Mark COJUANGCO]
• National Unity Party or NUP [Ronaldo V. PUNO]
• Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan or PDP-Laban [Rodrigo DUTERTE]
• Partido Federal ng Pilipinas or PFP [Ferdinand MARCOS, Jr.]
• Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives or PROMDI [Mariano "Mimo" OSMENA]

• no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent mus
• no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

chief of mission

Ambassador MaryKay Loss CARLSON (since 22 July 2022) embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Manila 1000 mailing address: 8600 Manila Place, Washington DC 20521-8600

telephone

[63] (2) 5301-2000

FAX

[63] (2) 5301-2017

Email address and website

• acsinfomanila@state.gov
• https://ph.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission

Ambassador Jose Manuel del Gallego ROMUALDEZ (since 29 November 2017)

chancery

1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone

[1] (202) 467-9300

FAX

[1] (202) 328-7614

Email address and website

• info@phembassy-us.org

consulate(s) general

Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)