Geography & environment — Oman
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Oman: Middle East
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Middle East
- Geographic Coordinates
21 00 N, 57 00 E
- Total Area
119,498 Square Miles 309,500 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
119,498 Square Miles 309,500 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
854 Miles 1,374 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
- Coastline
1,300 Miles 2,092 Kilometers
Physical geography
- Terrain
central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
- Highest Point
2,980 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Jabal Shams 2,980 m
- Lowest Point Location
Arabian Sea 0 m
- Natural Resources
petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
- Irrigated Land
227 Square Miles 589 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Climate
- Climate
Oman’s climate is one of the hottest in the world. Temperatures reach 130°F in the summer from April to October and rarely drop below 65°F in the cooler season from November to March. Average annual rainfall measures only 4 or 5 inches and occurs during December into April. Despite limited rainfall, however, humidity averages 65% to 80%. Summer monsoons create a tropical climate in the south.
- Terrain
central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
- Location
Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE
- Total Area
119,498 Square Miles 309,500 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
- rising soil salinity
- beach pollution from oil spills
- very limited natural fresh water resources
- Environment - International Agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed,
- but not ratified: none of the selected agreements