Demographics & population — Italy
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Italy: 60,964,931
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Population overview
- Population
60,964,931
- Population Growth Rate
7.1%
- Population Distribution
despite a distinctive pattern with an industrial north and an agrarian south, a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples), attracting larger and denser populations
- Urban Population
- urban population: 72%
- of total population rate of urbanization: 0.27% annual rate of change
- Population in Major Urban Areas
4.316 million ROME (capital), 3.155 million Milan, 2.179 million Naples, 1.802 million Turin, 913,000 Bergamo, 850,000 Palermo
- Population: Male/Female
- male: 29,414,065
- female: 31,550,866
Age & family
- Age Structure
- years: 11.9% (male 3,699,167/female 3,531,734) 15-64
- years: 64.5% (male 19,378,160/female 19,958,137) 65
- years and over: 23.6% (male 6,336,738/female 8,060,995)
- Median Age
- total: 48.4
- years male: 47.4
- years female: 49.4 years
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
7
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
11.2
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.26
- Gross reproduction rate
1
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
65.1%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
65.1%
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
52.5%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
31.4
- Mother's mean age at first birth
31.4
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
- at birth: 1.06
- male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05
- male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97
- male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79
- male(s)/female total population: 0.93
- male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
3.4
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north, Albanian-Italians, Croat-Italians, and Greek-Italians in the south)
- Language Note
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German-speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area), Croatian (in Molise)
- Nationality Noun
- Italian(s) adjective: Italian
Education
- Literacy - total population
99.2%
- Literacy - male
99.4%
- Literacy - female
99%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
4.3%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
- total: 16
- years male: 16
- years female: 17 years
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- total population: 83
- years male: 80.7
- years female: 85.5 years
- Infant Mortality Rate
- total: 3.1 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 3.2 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 2.9 deaths/1,000 live births
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- total: 3.1 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 3.2 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 2.9 deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
5
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
3.95
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
3.1
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
9.6%
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
19.9%
- Tobacco Use
- total: 23.1%
- male: 26.6%
- female: 19.5%
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 7.65
- liters of pure alcohol beer: 1.99
- liters of pure alcohol wine: 4.83
- liters of pure alcohol spirits: 0.83
- liters of pure alcohol other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- NA total: 99.9%
- NA total: 0.1% of population
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- urban: 100%
- of population rural: 100%
- of population total: 100%
- urban: 0%
- of population rural: 0%
- of population total: 0% of population