Demographics & population — Germany
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Germany: 84,119,100
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Population overview
- Population
84,119,100
- Population Growth Rate
-0.12%
- Population Distribution
second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia
- Urban Population
- urban population: 77.8%
- of total population rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change
- Population in Major Urban Areas
3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt
- Population: Male/Female
- male: 41,572,702
- female: 42,546,398
Age & family
- Age Structure
- years: 13.8% (male 5,925,800/female 5,688,603) 15-64
- years: 62.5% (male 26,705,657/female 25,875,865) 65
- years and over: 23.7% (male 8,941,245/female 10,981,930)
- Median Age
- total: 46.8
- years male: 45.5
- years female: 48.3 years
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
9
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
12
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.58
- Gross reproduction rate
1
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
67%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
67%
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
54.4%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
29.9
- Mother's mean age at first birth
29.9
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
- at birth: 1.05
- male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04
- male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03
- male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81
- male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
1.8
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
German 85.4%, Turkish 1.8%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Syrian 1.1%, Romanian 1%, Poland 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.3%
- Language Note
- German (official)
- note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages
- Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
- Nationality Noun
- German(s) adjective: German
Education
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
4.7%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
- total: 17
- years male: 17
- years female: 17 years
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- total population: 81.9
- years male: 79.6
- years female: 84.4 years
- Infant Mortality Rate
- total: 3.1 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 3.5 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- total: 3.1 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 3.5 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
4
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
4.44
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
8
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
12.8%
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
22.3%
- Tobacco Use
- total: 22%
- male: 24.1%
- female: 19.9%
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 10.56
- liters of pure alcohol beer: 5.57
- liters of pure alcohol wine: 3.02
- liters of pure alcohol spirits: 1.97
- liters of pure alcohol other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- urban: 100%
- of population rural: 100%
- of population total: 100%
- urban: 0%
- of population rural: 0%
- of population total: 0% of population
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- urban: 100%
- of population rural: 100%
- of population total: 100%
- urban: 0%
- of population rural: 0%
- of population total: 0% of population
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
0.5%