Geography & environment — Czechia
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Czechia: Europe
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Europe
- Geographic Coordinates
49 45 N, 15 30 E
- Total Area
30,451 Square Miles 78,867 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
29,825 Square Miles 77,247 Square Kilometers
- Water Area
625 Square Miles 1,620 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
1,236 Miles 1,989 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km
Physical geography
- Terrain
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
- Highest Point
1,602 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Snezka 1,602 m
- Lowest Point
115 Meters
- Lowest Point Location
Elbe River 115 m
- Natural Resources
hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
- Irrigated Land
149 Square Miles 385 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate
- Climate
Prague has a humid, continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters. Temperatures range from January's average daily high of 32°F (0°C) and low of 22°F (-4°C) to July's average daily high of 76°F (24.5°C) and low of 56°F (14°) Average annual rainfall is about 30 inches, distributed throughout the year. Humidity averages about 80 percent. During the winter months, high humidity makes the winter cold penetrating. Light to moderately heavy snow can be expected during January and February. Pollution can be severe during the winter months because of soft-burning coal and frequent temperature inversions. Reduced hours of daylight from November through March combined with smog and raw weather create a gloomy atmosphere. In fact, from mid-October when Daylight Savings Time ends until early April when it begins again, Czech law requires drivers to drive with their headlights on at all times.
- Terrain
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
- Location
Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria
- Total Area
30,451 Square Miles 78,867 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks
acid rain damaging forests
efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution
- Environment - International Agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
