Demographics & population — Cuba
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Cuba: 10,966,038
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
10,966,038
- Population Growth Rate
-0.17%
- Population Distribution
large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana
- Urban Population
- urban population: 77.5%
- of total population rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change
- Population in Major Urban Areas
2.149 million HAVANA (capital)
- Population: Male/Female
- male: 5,441,507
- female: 5,524,531
Age & family
- Age Structure
- years: 16.3% (male 918,066/female 866,578) 15-64
- years: 66.5% (male 3,670,531/female 3,623,658) 65
- years and over: 17.2% (male 852,910/female 1,034,295)
- Median Age
- total: 42.6
- years male: 41
- years female: 44.4 years
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
10
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
9.5
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.71
- Gross reproduction rate
1
- Child Marriage
- women married by age 15: 4.8%
- women married by age 18: 29.4%
- men married by age 18: 5.9%
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
69%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
69%
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
58%
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
- at birth: 1.06
- male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06
- male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01
- male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82
- male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-2.1
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
White 64.1%, Mulatto or mixed 26.6%, Black 9.3%
- Language Note
Spanish (official)
- Nationality Noun
- Cuban(s) adjective: Cuban
Education
- Literacy - total population
99.7%
- Literacy - male
99.6%
- Literacy - female
99.7%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
- total: 14
- years male: 13
- years female: 15 years
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- total population: 80.1
- years male: 77.8
- years female: 82.6 years
- Infant Mortality Rate
- total: 4 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 4.5 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- total: 4 deaths/1,000
- live births male: 4.5 deaths/1,000
- live births female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
39
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
8.42
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
5.3
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
12.5%
- Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk
- bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A vectorborne diseases: dengue fever
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
24.6%
- Tobacco Use
- total: 17.9%
- male: 25.5%
- female: 10.3%
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 4.7
- liters of pure alcohol beer: 1.77
- liters of pure alcohol wine: 0.23
- liters of pure alcohol spirits: 2.69
- liters of pure alcohol other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- urban: 98.9%
- of population rural: 97%
- of population total: 98.5%
- urban: 1.1%
- of population rural: 3%
- of population total: 1.5% of population
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- urban: 94.8%
- of population rural: 87%
- of population total: 93%
- urban: 5.2%
- of population rural: 13%
- of population total: 7% of population
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
2.4%