What GOV.UK says about a Canadian licence
Canada is on the designated-country list. A resident with a full car licence can exchange it for a Great Britain licence (England, Wales and Scotland).
You can drive for 12 months from the date you became resident. After that you exchange the licence rather than retaking the tests, if you are still inside the 5-year exchange window.
You must exchange within 5 years of becoming resident. If you do not, you need a GB provisional licence and must pass the theory and practical tests.
Northern Ireland is not covered here. Ukraine has a longer special rule that does not apply to this country.
Source: GOV.UK — Driving in Great Britain on a non-GB licence, checked 31 October 2026, and The Driving Licences (Exchangeable Licences) Order 2025.