Moving to Zimbabwe: visas, cost of living & immigrant guide

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Population

14,546,314

Population - note

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS

this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population Growth Rate

4.38%

Urban Population

38.600000

Population in Major Urban Areas

HARARE (capital) 1.542 million

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Age Structure

37.800000

Median Age

19.500000

Birth Rate - births/1,000 population

32

Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population

11.4

Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman

3.58

Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49

58.5%

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49

58.5%

Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)

20.5

Mother's mean age at first birth

20.5

Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female

1.030000

Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population

22.76

Ethnic Groups

African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1%

Language Note

English is the official language of the republic and is spoken by most educated people. In rural areas English is less commonly spoken. Ndebele and Shona and are commonly spoken. People often speak more than one language and many mix parts of several languages in daily speech.

Nationality Noun

Zimbabwean(s)

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Literacy - total population

90.7%

Literacy - male

94.2%

Literacy - female

87.2%

Literacy Definition

age 15 and over can read and write English

Education Expenditures - percent of GDP

2.5%

Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)

9.000000

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Life Expectancy at Birth

53.860000

Infant Mortality Rate

27.250000

Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births

27.250000

Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births

570

Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population

.06

Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population

1.7

Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk

very high

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

7%

Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved

97.300000

Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved

51.600000

Underweight - percent of children under five years

10.1%

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Economic Overview

Zimbabwe's economy depends heavily on its mining and agriculture sectors.

Following a contraction from 1998 to 2008, the economy recorded real growth of more than 10% per year in the period 2010-13, before falling below 3% in the period 2014-17, due to poor harvests, low diamond revenues, and decreased investment.

Lower mineral prices, infrastructure and regulatory deficiencies, a poor investment climate, a large public and external debt burden, and extremely high government wage expenses impede the country’s economic performance.

Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing hyperinflation.

Adoption of a multi-currency basket in early 2009 - which allowed currencies such as the Botswana pula, the South Africa rand, and the US dollar to be used locally - reduced inflation below 10% per year.

In January 2015, as part of the government’s effort to boost trade and attract foreign investment, the RBZ announced that the Chinese renmimbi, Indian rupee, Australian dollar, and Japanese yen would be accepted as legal tender in Zimbabwe, though transactions were predominantly carried out in US dollars and South African rand until 2016, when the rand’s devaluation and instability led to near-exclusive use of the US dollar.

The government in November 2016 began releasing bond notes, a parallel currency legal only in Zimbabwe which the government claims will have a one-to-one exchange ratio with the US dollar, to ease cash shortages.

Bond notes began trading at a discount of up to 10% in the black market by the end of 2016.

Zimbabwe’s government entered a second Staff Monitored Program with the IMF in 2014 and undertook other measures to reengage with international financial institutions.

Zimbabwe repaid roughly $108 million in arrears to the IMF in October 2016, but financial observers note that Zimbabwe is unlikely to gain new financing because the government has not disclosed how it plans to repay more than $1.7 billion in arrears to the World Bank and African Development Bank.

International financial institutions want Zimbabwe to implement significant fiscal and structural reforms before granting new loans.

Foreign and domestic investment continues to be hindered by the lack of land tenure and titling, the inability to repatriate dividends to investors overseas, and the lack of clarity regarding the government’s Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act.

Industries

mining (coal, gold, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,100.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

1.4%

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GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP)

$40,790,000,000 (USD)

GDP Per Capita

$2,100.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

1.4%

GDP - official exchange rate

$13,910,000,000 (USD)

GDP - composition, by end use

• consumption: 68.9% government
• consumption: 32.2% investment in fixed
• capital: 22.5% investment in
• inventories: -0.1% exports of goods and
• services: 68.8% imports of goods and
• services: -92.3%

GDP by Sector- agriculture

20%

GDP by Sector- Industry

26%

GDP by Sector- services

53.3%

Industrial Growth Rate

4%

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Inflation Rate

5.03%

Exchange Rate per US Dollar

Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)

Currency Name and Code

Zimbabwe Dollar (ZWD)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

28%

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Labor Force

3,848,000

Unemployment Rate

95%

Unemployment - note

figures reflect underemployment

true unemployment is unknown and, under current economic conditions, unknowable

Major Industries

mining (coal, gold, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages

Agriculture Products

corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs

Population Below Poverty Line

68%

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Labor Force By Occupation- agriculture

66%

Labor Force By Occupation- industry

10%

Labor Force By Occupation- services

24%

Annual Budget

$2,250,000,000 (USD)

Public Debt (% of GDP)

30.1%

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Full Country Name

Republic of Zimbabwe

Country Name

Zimbabwe

Former Name

Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia, Zimbabwe-Rhodesia

Etymology- history of name

takes its name from the Kingdom of Zimbabwe (13th-15th century) and its capital of Great Zimbabwe, the largest stone structure in pre-colonial southern Africa

Independence

18 April 1980 (from the UK)

National Holiday

Independence Day, 18 April (1980)

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Government Type

presidential republic

Constitution

• history: previous 1965 (at Rhodesian independence), 1979 (Lancaster House Agreement), 1980 (at Zimbabwean independence); latest final draft completed January 2013, approved by referendum 16 March 2013, approved by Parliament 9 May 2013, effective 22 May 2013
• amendments: proposed by the Senate or by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses of Parliament and assent of the president of the republic; amendments to constitutional chapters on fundamental human rights and freedoms and on agricultural lands also require approval by a majority of votes cast in a referendum; amended many times, last in 2017

Legal System:

mixed legal system of English common law, Roman-Dutch civil law, and customary law

Executive Branch:

• chief of state: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 4 September 2023); Second Vice President Kembo MOHADI (8 September 2023); note - Robert Gabriel MUGABE resigned on 21 November 2017, after ruling for 37 years
• head of government: President Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA (since 4 September 2023); First Vice President Constantino CHIWENGA (since 4 September 2023); Second Vice President Kembo MOHADI (8 September 2023)
• cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president, responsible to National Assembly
• elections/appointments: each presidential candidate nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least 1 candidate from each province) and directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028); co-vice presidents drawn from party leadership
• election results: 2023: Emmerson MNANGAGWA reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 52.6%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44%, Wilbert MUBAIWA (NPC) 1.2%, other 2.2% 2018: Emmerson MNANGAGWA elected president in first round; percent of vote - Emmerson MNANGAGWA (ZANU-PF) 50.7%, Nelson CHAMISA (MDC-T) 44.4%, Thokozani KHUPE (MDC-N) 0.9%, other 4%

Legislative Branch:

• Description: bicameral Parliament consists of: Senate (80 seats; 60 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies - 6 seats in each of the 10 provinces - by proportional representation vote, 16 indirectly elected by the regional governing councils, 18 reserved for the National Council Chiefs, and 2 reserved for members with disabilities; members serve 5-year terms) National Assembly (280 seats; 210 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 60 seats reserved for women directly elected by proportional representation vote and 10 additional seats reserved for candidates aged between 21 and 35 directly elected by proportional representation, members serve 5-year terms)
• elections:
• Senate - last held for elected member on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028)
• National Assembly - last held on 23 August 2023 (next to be held in 2028);
• Note: a by-election was held on 11 November 2023 due to the death of a candidate during the August general election; a special by election was held on 9 December 2023 after nine opposition lawmakers were removed from their seats and disqualified from running again; another by-election was held 3 February 2024 for six open seats
• Election Results: - Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 33, CCC- 27, Chiefs 18, people with disabilities 2;
• composition - men 36, women 35, percentage of women 49.3%
• National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ZANU-PF 190, CCC-93;
• Composition: men 192, women 75, percentage women 28.1%; total Parliament percentage women 32.5%

Judicial Branch:

• office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, an independent body consisting of the chief justice, Public Service Commission chairman, attorney general, and 2-3 members appointed by the president; judges normally serve until age 65 but can elect to serve until age 70; Constitutional Court judge appointment NA; judges serve non-renewable 15-year terms
• subordinate courts: High Court; Labor Court; Administrative Court; regional magistrate courts; customary law courts; special courts

Regions or States:

• Summary: 8 provinces
• and 2 cities* with provincial status
• Bulawayo*
• Harare*
• Manicaland
• Mashonaland Central
• Mashonaland East
• Mashonaland West
• Masvingo
• Matabeleland North
• Matabeleland South
• Midlands

Political Parties and Leaders:

• Citizens Coalition for Change (vacant)
• Movement for Democratic Change - MDC-T [Douglas MWONZORA]
• National People's Congress- NPC- [Wilbert MUBAIWA]
• Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Emmerson Dambudzo MNANGAGWA]
• Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Michael NKOMO]

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Citizenship Criteria:

• birth: no citizenship by descent
• only: the father must be a citizen of Zimbabwe; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen dual citizenship
• recognized: no residency requirement for
• naturalization: 5 years

Capital Name

Harare

Capital - geographic coordinate

17 49 S, 31 02 E

Capital Time Difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

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International Organization Participation:

• ACP
• AfDB
• ATMIS
• AU
• COMESA
• FAO
• G-15
• G-77
• IAEA
• IBRD
• ICAO
• ICRM
• IDA
• IFAD
• IFC
• IFRCS
• ILO
• IMF
• IMO
• Interpol
• IOC
• IOM
• IPU
• ISO
• ITSO
• ITU
• ITUC (NGOs)
• MIGA
• NAM
• OPCW
• PCA
• SADC
• UN
• UNAMID
• UNCTAD
• UNESCO
• UNIDO
• UNISFA
• UNMIL
• UNMISS
• UNOCI
• UNSOM
• UNWTO
• UPU
• WCO
• WFTU (NGOs)
• WHO
• WIPO
• WMO
• WTO

International Law Organization Participation:

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Diplomatic Representation from US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Elaine M. FRENCH (since August 2022)
• Embassy: 2 Lorraine Drive, Bluffhill, Harare
• Mailing Address: 2180 Harare Place, Washington DC 20521-2180
• Telephone: [263] 867-701-1000
• FAX: [263] 24-233-4320
• Email: consularharare@state.gov
• Website: https://zw.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic Representation in the US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador Tadeous Tafirenyika CHIFAMBA (since 7 July 2021)
• Chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009
• Telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100
• FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326
• Email: general@zimembassydc.org
• Website: https://zimembassydc.org/

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Geographic Location

Africa

Geographic Coordinates

20 00 S, 30 00 E

Total Area

150,871 Square Miles 390,757 Square Kilometers

Land Area

149,362 Square Miles 386,847 Square Kilometers

Water Area

1,510 Square Miles 3,910 Square Kilometers

Land Boundaries

1,905 Miles 3,066 Kilometers

Border Countries

Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

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Terrain

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

Highest Point

2,592 Meters

Highest Point Location

Inyangani 2,592 m

Lowest Point

162 Meters

Lowest Point Location

junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m

Natural Resources

coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals

Irrigated Land

670 Square Miles 1,735 Square Kilometers

Time Zone

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

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Climate

The climate on the central plateau is moderate in all seasons with warm days and cool nights.

Homes do not have central heating or air-conditioning, although room heaters and fireplaces are used on winter nights (May-August).

Annual rainfall averages about 28 inches on the highveld (Harare), more in the Eastern Highlands, and much less in the lowveld of the southeast and the Zambezi Valley.

The sun shines nearly every day, even at the height of the warm rainy season (November-April).

In Harare, the average low temperature in winter is 45°F at night, though frost occasionally occurs.

The average daily temperature in summer is 75°F, with temperatures seldom surpassing 90°F.

Terrain

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east

Location

Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia

Total Area

150,871 Square Miles 390,757 Square Kilometers

Border Countries

Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

Environment - Current Issues

• deforestation
• soil erosion
• land degradation
• air and water pollution
• the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching
• poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution

Environment - International Agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

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Exports

$2,540,000,000 (USD)

Imports

$4,043,000,000 (USD)

Major Exports

tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing

Major Imports

machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels

Top Export Partners

China 6%, South Africa 5.7%, Germany 5.4%, United Kingdom 4.8%, Japan 4.7%, Netherlands 4.4%, United States 4.1%

Top Import Partners

South Africa 50%, Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5.9%, UK 3.2%

Export Partners

China 6%, South Africa 5.7%, Germany 5.4%, United Kingdom 4.8%, Japan 4.7%, Netherlands 4.4%, United States 4.1%

Import Partners

South Africa 50%, Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5.9%, UK 3.2%

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Country Description

Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa, bordered by the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers.

The official language is English; however, the majority of the population speaks Shona.

Zimbabwe has a fragile political environment, and the Zimbabwean economy is underdeveloped due to decades of economic mismanagement and political uncertainty.

Although Zimbabwe offers popular tourist attractions in Victoria Falls, Great Zimbabwe, and selected game parks, much of the country's infrastructure is in disrepair and emergency medical care is limited.

Safety & Security

The political, social, economic, and security situations in Zimbabwe are unpredictable and could deteriorate quickly without warning.

While the country has been relatively stable since the establishment of the current unity government in early 2009, demonstrations and intimidation of civil society groups and other civilians may become more common leading up to and the period immediately following any elections.

Political rallies in Zimbabwe may result in clashes between opposing parties or may be violently dispersed by security forces.

U.S. citizens traveling to Zimbabwe should avoid all crowds, public demonstrations, and protests.

You should carefully evaluate travel around Zimbabwe by road, particularly at night (please see the “

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Crime

Crime is a serious problem in Zimbabwe, driven by the country's depressed economy.

U.S. citizens and other foreigners are perceived to be wealthy and are frequently targeted by criminals who operate in the vicinity of hotels, restaurants, and shopping areas of major cities and tourist areas such as Victoria Falls.

Although the majority of crimes in Zimbabwe are non-violent, perpetrators are generally armed with weapons, which can include firearms.

The downtown sectors of Harare, and its high density residential suburbs, are particularly high-crime areas and a number of U.S. citizen visitors have been assaulted or robbed.

Travelers should always secure their luggage, particularly in public areas such as airports and bus stops.

Purse-snatchers will often work in teams of two, with one person acting as a diversion.

A typical mugging involves a group of young males who surround and overwhelm their victim in a public area.

Avoid displaying or carrying unnecessary valuables, such as expensive jewelry, and do not carry large sums of money.

Cell phones are of particular interest to local thieves.

Always secure items such as passports, money, jewelry, and credit cards in hotel safety deposit boxes or safes when not being used.

Avoid driving at night.

You should be alert for “smash and grabs,” where thieves break the windows of cars stopped at intersections and take visible items from inside the car.

Car doors should always be locked and the windows rolled up.

Handbags, wallets, and other items should be placed out of sight under car seats or in the trunk of the car.

While stopped in traffic, always be aware and look around to identify potential trouble.

Drivers should always leave sufficient maneuver room between their vehicle and the one in front so they can drive away from danger.

If you suspect your vehicle is being followed you should drive to the nearest police station or other protected public area for assistance.

Reducing even the shortest amount of idle times at traffic lights at night by slowing in advance to anticipate the changing of the light is an effective deterrent.

Be cautious of people using ploys to lure you out of your car.

In one ploy, an assailant will puncture a tire, follow the car, and then offer to help with the flat, particularly on the road to Harare International Airport.

(NOTE: “Smash and grabs” are also very common on the Airport Road in Harare) Beware of drivers in vehicles without license plates who stop to render aid or who cause minor accidents.

Always drive to a well-lit and populated area before making repairs or exchanging information.

Travelers are encouraged to make two photocopies of the biographic/identification page and visa stamped page of their passport.

Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives and carry the second copy with you for identification purposes.

Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available.

Not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, if you purchase them you may also be breaking local law.

Criminal Penalties

While in a foreign country, a U.S. citizen is subject to that country's laws and regulations, which sometimes differ significantly from those in the United States and may not afford the protections available to the individual under U.S. law.

Penalties for breaking the law can be more severe than in the United States for similar offenses.

Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime prosecutable in the United States.

Although Zimbabwean authorities are required to notify the nearest U.S. embassy when a U.S. citizen has been arrested, the U.S.

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Medical Facilities

The public medical infrastructure is subpar and medical facilities are limited.

Most serious illnesses or accidents require medical evacuation to South Africa.

All travelers are strongly urged to obtain medical evacuation insurance coverage prior to arriving in Zimbabwe.

Doctors, hospitals and air ambulance medical evacuation services often expect immediate, upfront cash payment for health services.

We urge you to bring a sufficient supply of your medications with required prescriptions for your entire trip, as many common medications are unavailable in Zimbabwe.

Provincial hospitals in rural areas have rudimentary staffing, equipment, and supplies, and are not equipped to care for victims of serious accidents.

The fuel shortage further diminishes emergency response capabilities.

Emergency patients often must arrange their own transportation to medical facilities.

Diseases from food and water are the leading cause of illness in travelers.

Malaria is also prevalent throughout Zimbabwe, except in Harare, due to the capital’s high altitude.

The CDC strongly recommends that malaria prophylaxis and preventive measures be taken when traveling outside of Harare.

Due to Schistosomiasis, travelers are advised to avoid fresh water exposure.

Traffic Safety

” section below).

If traveling by road, you should make sure you have working communication devices, evidence of your citizenship, and a valid visa.

Such evidence should include photocopies of the face page of your passport and your Zimbabwe visa approval stamp.

You should also notify a trusted friend or family member of your itinerary, including expected departure and arrival times.

Communications infrastructure in Zimbabwe is unreliable.

Telephone and cell phone outages are common and cell phone service coverage is patchy and predominantly restricted to urban areas.

Resident and visiting U.S. citizens have been arrested, detained, and threatened with expulsion for activities that would not be considered crimes in the United States, including the administration of humanitarian aid and the expression of opinions regarding the current political regime in Zimbabwe.

Criticism of the president is a crime in Zimbabwe.

The streets around State House, the official residence of the president, and the Botanical Gardens are particularly sensitive,and drivers and pedestrians in that area should exercise caution.

President Mugabe and other senior government officials travel around Harare accompanied by large and aggressive motorcades that have been known to run motorists off the road.

Security personnel occasionally beat and harass drivers who fail to pull out of the way quickly enough.

U.S. citizens are advised to be aware of police vehicles and police motorcycles flashing lights and sirens, and should move quickly off the road if overtaken by a motorcade.

U.S. citizen visitors have been detained under suspicion of operating as journalists without accreditation for photographing cultural sites and areas that may not immediately appear to be sensitive.

Tourists may also be subject to harassment or arrest for photographing police, roadblocks, occupied commercial farms, and government buildings or military installations, official residences or embassies, including the president’s palace.

Get prior written permission from the appropriate government office before taking such photographs.

It is not always immediately apparent what the police deem sensitive.

Police have detained U.S. citizens for photographing any subject they view as sensitive no matter how innocuous it may seem to the photographer.

You should be very aware of your surroundings and seriously consider the risks of taking any pictures outside game parks and known tourist areas.

The government frequently uses marked and unmarked (ad hoc) road blocks to enforce order and collect fines, particularly in urban centers and on major roads.

Even though these road blocks are manned by uniformed police officers, be cautious when approaching them, particularly at night.

When instructed by police or other security officials to stop at a roadblock, comply with these instructions.

If possible, carry a mobile phone or other means of communication.

Other ongoing security conditions that could affect the safety of tourists in Zimbabwe include crime (see below) and the occupation of commercial farms.

We urge you to take responsibility for your own personal security while traveling overseas.

While in Zimbabwe, you should closely monitor the current situation, keep your travel documents up to date, and make your own contingency plans in the event of disturbances.

You should make or update complete inventories of your household/personal effects and maintain an adequate supply of food, water and necessary medications with you.

Traffic Safety and Road Conditions While in a foreign country, U.S. citizens may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States.

The information below concerning Zimbabwe is provided for general reference only, and may not be totally accurate in a particular location or circumstance.

Driving in Zimbabwe is extremely hazardous, particularly at night.

Zimbabweans drive on the left side of the road and many people drive over the speed limit.

Al

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Airports - total

196

Airports with Paved Runways

17

Railways

2,129 Miles 3,427 Kilometers

Roadways- total

60,439 Miles 97,267 Kilometers

Roadways- paved

8,998 Miles 14,481 Kilometers

Ports and Terminals

Binga, Kariba

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Pipelines: Refined Products

168 Miles 270 Kilometers

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Telephones

385,100

Cell Phones

1,226,000

Internet Users

1,351,000

Internet Country Code

.zw

Internet Hosts

29,866

Broadcast Media

• government owns all local radio and TV stations
• foreign shortwave broadcasts and satellite TV are available to those who can afford antennas and receivers
• in rural areas, access to TV broadcasts is extremely limited

Telephone System

• assessment: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance
• domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile-cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones
• international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; 2 international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)

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Electricity Consumption- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

10,890,000,000

Electricity Exports- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

32,000,000

Electricity Imports- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

2,691,000,000

Electricity Production- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

9,470,000,000

Oil Consumption- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

19,030

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Anthem History

adopted 1994

Anthem Lyrics

• 1.Simudzai mureza wedu weZimbabwe Yakazvarwa nomoto wechimurenga
• Neropa zhinji ramagamba Tiidzivirire kumhandu dzose
• Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe. 2.Tarisai Zimbabwe nyika yakashongedzwa Namakomo, nehova, zvinoyevedza Mvura ngainaye, minda ipe mbesa Vashandi vatuswe, ruzhinji rugutswe
• Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe. 3.Mwari ropafadzai nyika yeZimbabwe Nyika yamadzitateguru edu tose
• Kubva Zambezi kusvika Limpopo, Navatungamiri vave nenduramo
• Ngaikomborerwe nyika yeZimbabwe.

Anthem Lyrics English

• Blessed be the Land of Zimbabwe 1.O lift high the banner, the flag of Zimbabwe The symbol of freedom proclaiming victory
• We praise our heros' sacrifice, And vow to keep our land from foes
• And may the Almighty protect and bless our land. 2.O lovely Zimbabwe, so wondrously adorned With mountains, and rivers cascading, flowing free
• May rain abound, and fertile fields
• May we be fed, our labour blessed
• And may the Almighty protect and bless our land. 3.O God, we beseech Thee to bless our native land
• The land of our fathers bestowed upon us all
• From Zambezi to Limpopo May leaders be exemplary
• And may the Almighty protect and bless our land.