Demographics & population — Vietnam
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Vietnam: 98,721,275
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
98,721,275
- Population Growth Rate
1.03%
- Urban Population
- Population in Major Urban Areas
- Ho Chi Minh City 6.405 million
- HANOI (capital) 2.955 million
- Haiphong 925,000
- Da Nang 834,000
Age & family
- Age Structure
- Median Age
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
17
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
5.94
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.87
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
77.8%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
77.8%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
22.6
- Mother's mean age at first birth
22.6
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-0.33
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Vietnamese 85%-90%, Chinese, Hmong, Thai, Khmer, Cham, mountain groups
- Language Note
Vietnamese is the official language. There are distinct northern, central, and southern dialects and accents. The most popular foreign languages taught in schools are English, Russian, and French.
- Nationality Noun
Vietnamese (singular and plural)
Education
- Literacy - total population
94%
- Literacy - male
96.1%
- Literacy - female
92%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
6.3%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
59
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
1.22
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
2.2
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
6.8%
- Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk
very high
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
1.7%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
12%
