Geography & environment — Uzbekistan
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Uzbekistan: Asia
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Asia
- Geographic Coordinates
41 00 N, 64 00 E
- Total Area
172,741 Square Miles 447,400 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
164,247 Square Miles 425,400 Square Kilometers
- Water Area
8,494 Square Miles 22,000 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
3,866 Miles 6,221 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Physical geography
- Terrain
- mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes
- broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along the course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon
- Fergana Valley in the east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan
- shrinking Aral Sea.
- Highest Point
4,301 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
- Lowest Point
-12 Meters
- Lowest Point Location
Sariqarnish Kuli -12 m
- Natural Resources
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
- Irrigated Land
16,208 Square Miles 41,980 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Climate
- Climate
The area has a severe continental climate that is dry and hot in summer and cool and wet in winter. In the long summer, daytime temperatures often reach or surpass 40°C (104°F), but humidity is low. During the short winter, daytime temperatures usually stay above freezing, but can dip well below, and snow is not unusual. Spring and fall are the most comfortable seasons.
- Terrain
- mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes
- broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along the course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon
- Fergana Valley in the east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan
- shrinking Aral Sea.
- Location
Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
- Total Area
172,741 Square Miles 447,400 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts
these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification
water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders
increasing soil salination
soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals, including DDT
- Environment - International Agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements