Demographics & population — Turkmenistan
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Turkmenistan: 5,528,627
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
5,528,627
- Population Growth Rate
1.15%
- Urban Population
- Population in Major Urban Areas
ASHGABAT (capital) 683,000
Age & family
- Age Structure
- Median Age
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
20
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
6.18
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
2.12
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
61.8%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
61.8%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
24.6
- Mother's mean age at first birth
24.6
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-1.88
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Turkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6%
- Nationality Noun
Turkmen(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
98.8%
- Literacy - male
99.3%
- Literacy - female
98.3%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
67
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
2.44
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
4.1
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
2.7%
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
13.2%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
10.5%