Geography & environment — Tonga
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Tonga: Oceania
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Oceania
- Geographic Coordinates
20 00 S, 175 00 W
- Total Area
288 Square Miles 747 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
277 Square Miles 717 Square Kilometers
- Water Area
12 Square Miles 30 Square Kilometers
- Coastline
260 Miles 419 Kilometers
Physical geography
- Terrain
most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
- Highest Point
1,033 Meters
- Highest Point Location
unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
- Lowest Point Location
Pacific Ocean 0 m
- Natural Resources
fish, fertile soil
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins first Sunday in November; ends second Sunday in January
Climate
- Climate
- tropical
- modified by trade winds
- warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
- Terrain
most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
- Location
Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
- Total Area
288 Square Miles 747 Square Kilometers
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement
some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors
overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
- Environment - International Agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
