Geography & environment — Sudan
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Sudan: Africa
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Africa
- Geographic Coordinates
15 00 N, 30 00 E
- Total Area
718,719 Square Miles 1,861,484 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
4,195 Miles 6,751 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
- Coastline
530 Miles 853 Kilometers
Physical geography
- Terrain
- generally flat, featureless plain
- mountains in far south, northeast and west
- desert dominates the north
- Highest Point
3,187 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Kinyeti 3,187 m
- Lowest Point Location
Red Sea 0 m
- Natural Resources
petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
- Irrigated Land
7,297 Square Miles 18,900 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Climate
- Climate
Khartoum is usually hot and dusty. During May, June, and July, daily high temperatures average around 100 F or higher, with frequent dust storms called "haboobs." July, August, and part of September are not as hot, with rare but heavy rainstorms (average 8 inches yearly) and continuing haboobs. From November until April, daily temperatures range around 95 F; nights, around 70 F, are pleasant. Cool weather at night and in the early mornings sometimes requires light sweaters or blankets.
- Terrain
- generally flat, featureless plain
- mountains in far south, northeast and west
- desert dominates the north
- Location
north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
- Total Area
718,719 Square Miles 1,861,484 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
- inadequate supplies of potable water
- wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting
- soil erosion
- desertification
- periodic drought
- Environment - International Agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed,
- but not ratified: none of the selected agreements