Demographics & population — Saudi Arabia
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Saudi Arabia: 34,173,498
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
34,173,498
- Population - note
note: immigrants make up more than 30% of the total population, according to UN data
- Population Growth Rate
1.51%
- Urban Population
- Population in Major Urban Areas
- RIYADH (capital) 5.451 million
- Jeddah 3.578 million
- Mecca 1.591 million
- Medina 1.142 million
- Ad Dammam 941,000
Age & family
- Age Structure
- Median Age
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
19
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
3.32
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
2.21
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
23.8%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
23.8%
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-0.62
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
- Nationality Noun
Saudi(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
78.8%
- Literacy - male
84.7%
- Literacy - female
70.8%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
5.1%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
24
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
.94
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
2.2
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
3.7%
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
33%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved
- Underweight - percent of children under five years
5.3%