Government & politics — San Marino

• history: San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese),
• approved 8 July 1974 amendments: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019

• chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Denise BRONZETTI and Italo RIGHI (for th
• e period 1 April 2025 - 30 September 2025) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and
• Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020) cabinet: Congress of State elected
• by the Grand and General Council election/appointment process: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and Gener
• co-chiefs of state: 1
• April 2025 secretary of state: 28
• December 2019 election results: 2025: Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance)
• percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent;
• percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand
• September 2025 note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Description

unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)

Elections

last held on 8 December 2019 (next to be held by 31 December 2024)

Election Results

• percent of vote by party/coalition - PDCS 35%, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 25% (RETE Movement 18.3%, DML 6.7%), Liberia 16.7%, We for the Republic 13.3%, RF 10%
• seats by party/coalition - PDCS 21, Tomorrow in Movement coalition 15 (RETE Movement 11, DML 4), Liberia 10, We for the Republic 8, RF 6
• composition as of February 2024 - men 41, women 19, percent of women 31.7%

• highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Mar
• ino's constitutional court judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Counci
• l from among its own to serve 5-year terms subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

• Domani - Modus Liberi or DML [Lorenzo Forcellini REFFI]
• Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera [Luca BOSCHI]
• Future Republic or RF [Mario VENTURINI]
• I Elect for a New Republic Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD [Paride ANDREOLI]
• RETE Movement [Gloria ARCANGELONI]
• Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Marco GATTI]
• Socialist Party or PS [Alessandro BEVITORI]
• Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)
• We for the Republic [Denise BRONZETTI]

• no citizenship by descent only: at least one paren
• no residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

chief of mission

Ambassador Jack Markell (since September 2023); note - also accredited to Italy embassy: the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

chief of mission

Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017)

chancery

327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022

telephone

[1] (212) 751-1234

FAX

[1] (212) 751-1436

Email address and website

• smrassistant@gmail.com