Moving to Norway: visas, cost of living & immigrant guide

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Population

5,467,439

Population Growth Rate

0.33%

Urban Population

79.400000

Population in Major Urban Areas

OSLO (capital) 915,000

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Age Structure

18.020000

Median Age

40.600000

Birth Rate - births/1,000 population

11

Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population

9.21

Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman

1.77

Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49

88.4%

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49

88.4%

Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)

28.4

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.4

Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female

1.060000

Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population

1.68

Ethnic Groups

Norwegian, Sami 20,000

Nationality Noun

Norwegian(s)

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Literacy - total population

100%

Literacy - male

100%

Literacy - female

100%

Literacy Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Education Expenditures - percent of GDP

6.9%

Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)

18.000000

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Life Expectancy at Birth

80.440000

Infant Mortality Rate

3.470000

Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births

3.470000

Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births

7

Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population

4.08

Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population

3.3

Health Expenditures - percent of GDP

9.1%

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

21.5%

Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved

100.000000

Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved

100.000000

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Economic Overview

• Sector: Norway is one of the world's largest exporters of oil and natural gas, and its economy has historically been heavily reliant on revenues from these resources. However, given the volatility of commodity prices and the increasing focus on renewable energy, the government has been working to diversify the economy to reduce its dependency on oil and gas. Welfare
• State: Norway has a comprehensive welfare system, including universal healthcare, free education (including higher education), and generous social security benefits. These programs contribute to a high standard of living and low levels of income inequality, but they also impose a significant financial burden on the government. Strong Fiscal
• Position: Norway has accumulated substantial financial reserves thanks to its oil wealth, primarily through its Government Pension Fund Global (commonly known as the Norwegian Oil Fund). This sovereign wealth fund is one of the largest in the world and is designed to support future generations when oil revenues decline. The prudent management of these funds has helped Norway maintain a strong fiscal position. Diversification
• Efforts: Norway has been actively diversifying its economy by recognizing the risks associated with overreliance on oil and gas. Investments have been made in renewable energy, technology, and aquaculture industries. The government has also encouraged innovation and entrepreneurship through various policies and initiatives. Stable Macroeconomic
• Environment: Norway's macroeconomic environment is stable, characterized by low inflation, low unemployment rates, and sound fiscal management. The Norwegian krone (NOK) is a freely floating currency, and the country is committed to maintaining price stability. Challenges and
• Concerns: Despite its economic strengths, Norway faces several challenges. These include an aging population, which puts pressure on the welfare system, and the need to transition to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly economy. Additionally, the country must navigate the geopolitical and economic uncertainties of Brexit, global trade tensions, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. International
• Trade: Norway is a member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the European Economic Area (EEA), which provides access to the European single market. It also has significant trade relationships with countries outside of Europe, particularly in the energy sector.

Industries

petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$68,400.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

0.9%

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GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP)

$342,060,000,000 (USD)

GDP Per Capita

$68,400.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

0.9%

GDP - official exchange rate

$397,600,000,000 (USD)

GDP - composition, by end use

• consumption: 42.8% government
• consumption: 22.8% investment in fixed
• capital: 22.9% investment in
• inventories: 5% exports of goods and
• services: 36.4% imports of goods and
• services: -29.9%

GDP by Sector- agriculture

1.7%

GDP by Sector- Industry

38.9%

GDP by Sector- services

59.4%

Industrial Growth Rate

0.3%

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Inflation Rate

2.4%

Exchange Rate per US Dollar

Norwegian krone (NOK)

Currency Name and Code

Norwegian Krone (NOK)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

3.7%

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Labor Force

2,590,000

Unemployment Rate

3.6%

Major Industries

petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

Agriculture Products

• barley, wheat, potatoes
• pork, beef, veal, milk
• fish

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Labor Force By Occupation- agriculture

2.2%

Labor Force By Occupation- industry

20.2%

Labor Force By Occupation- services

77.6%

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Annual Budget

$226,800,000,000 (USD)

Public Debt (% of GDP)

36%

Budget Surplus or Deficit - percent of GDP

13.1%

Taxes and other revenues - percent of GDP

56.8%

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Full Country Name

Kingdom of Norway

Country Name

Norway

Local - Long

Kongeriket Norge

Local - Short

Norge

Etymology- history of name

derives from the Old Norse words "nordr" and "vegr" meaning "northern way" and refers to the long coastline of western Norway

Independence

• 7 June 1905 (union with Sweden declared dissolved)
• 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)
• notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of petty Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair)
• 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)
• 1524 (Denmark-Norway)
• 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted)
• 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed)

National Holiday

Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)

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Government Type

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Constitution

• history: drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814
• amendments: proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament; amended over 400 times, last in 2020

Legal System:

mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts

Executive Branch:

• chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (son of the monarch, born 20 July 1973)
• head of government: Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021)
• cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament
• elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; following parliamentary elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch with the approval of the parliament

Legislative Branch:

• Description: unicameral Parliament or Storting (169 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)
• Elections: last held on 13 September 2021 (next to be held on 30 September 2025)
• Election Results: percent of vote by party - Ap 26.3%, H 20.5%, SP 13.6%, FrP 11.7%, SV 7.6%, R 4.7%, V 4.6%, MDG 3.9%, KrF 3.8%, PF 0.2%, other 3.1%; seats by party - Ap 48, H 36, SP 28, FrP 21, SV 13, R 8, V 8, , KrF 3, MDG 3, PF 1; composition (as of October 2021) men 93, women 76, percent of women 45%

Judicial Branch:

• office: justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) upon the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70
• subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal or Lagmennsrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts; note - in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts

Regions or States:

11 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Agder, Innlandet, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Troms og Finnmark, Trondelag, Vestfold og Telemark, Vestland, Viken

Political Parties and Leaders:

• Center Party or Sp [Trygve Slagsvold VEDUM]
• Christian Democratic Party or KrF [Olaug Vervik BOLLESTAD]
• Conservative Party or H [Erna SOLBERG]
• Green Party or MDG [Arild HERMSTAD]
• Labor Party or Ap [Jonas Gahr STORE]
• Liberal Party or V [Guri MELBY]
• Patient Focus or PF [Irene OJALA]
• Progress Party or FrP [Sylvi LISTHAUG]
• Red Party or R [Bjonar MOXNES]
• Socialist Left Party or SV [Kristi BERGSTO]

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Citizenship Criteria:

• birth: no citizenship by descent
• only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Norway dual citizenship
• recognized: no residency requirement for
• naturalization: 7 years

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Capital Name

Oslo

Capital - geographic coordinate

59 55 N, 10 45 E

Capital Time Difference

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Daylight Savings Time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

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International Organization Participation:

• ADB (nonregional member)
• AfDB (nonregional member)
• Arctic Council
• Australia Group
• BIS
• CBSS
• CD
• CE
• CERN
• EAPC
• EBRD
• EFTA
• EITI (implementing country)
• ESA
• FAO
• FATF
• IADB
• IAEA
• IBRD
• ICAO
• ICC (national committees)
• ICCt
• ICRM
• IDA
• IEA
• IFAD
• IFC
• IFRCS
• IGAD (partners)
• IHO
• ILO
• IMF
• IMO
• IMSO
• Interpol
• IOC
• IOM
• IPU
• ISO
• ITSO
• ITU
• ITUC (NGOs)
• MIGA
• NATO
• NC
• NEA
• NIB
• NSG
• OAS (observer)
• OECD
• OPCW
• OSCE
• Paris Club
• PCA
• Schengen Convention
• UN
• UNCTAD
• UNESCO
• UNHCR
• UNIDO
• UNITAR
• UNMISS
• UNOOSA
• UNRWA
• UNTSO
• UNWTO
• UPU
• Wassenaar Arrangement
• WCO
• WHO
• WIPO
• WMO
• WTO
• ZC

International Law Organization Participation:

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Diplomatic Representation from US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador Marc NATHANSON (since 16 June 2022)
• Embassy: Morgedalsvegen 36, 0378 Oslo
• Mailing Address: 5460 Oslo Place, Washington DC 20521-5460
• Telephone: [47] 21-30-85-40
• FAX: [47] 22-56-27-51
• Email: OsloACS@state.gov
• Website: https://no.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic Representation in the US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador Anniken Ramberg KRUTNES (since 17 September 2020)
• Chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
• Telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000
• FAX: [1] (202) 469-3990
• Email: emb.washington@mfa.no
• Website: https://www.norway.no/en/usa/
• Consulate(s) General: Houston, New York, San Francisco

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Geographic Location

Europe

Geographic Coordinates

62 00 N, 10 00 E

Total Area

125,020 Square Miles 323,802 Square Kilometers

Land Area

117,483 Square Miles 304,282 Square Kilometers

Water Area

7,537 Square Miles 19,520 Square Kilometers

Land Boundaries

1,580 Miles 2,542 Kilometers

Border Countries

Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km

Coastline

15,626 Miles 25,148 Kilometers

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Terrain

• glaciated
• mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys
• small, scattered plains
• coastline deeply indented by fjords
• arctic tundra in north

Highest Point

2,469 Meters

Highest Point Location

Galdhopiggen 2,469 m

Lowest Point Location

Norwegian Sea 0 m

Natural Resources

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower

Irrigated Land

444 Square Miles 1,149 Square Kilometers

Time Zone

UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Daylight saving time

+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

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Climate

Many people expect Norway's climate to be bitterly cold.

The latitude of the country certainly suggests this would be true.

The Arctic Circle cuts through Norway about halfway up the length of the country.

Oslo lies in the southern part of the country but is at the same latitude as Anchorage, Alaska.

Hammerfest, on the northern tip of the Norwegian mainland, is the world's most northerly town.

Still, the climate of cities along the Norwegian coast is much milder than might be expected at such northerly latitudes, even during midwinter, because of the warming effect of the Gulf Stream.

Summer in the southern part of the country can last from early May to late August or, in a bad year, for only a week in late June.

There are about 20 hours of daylight during June and July in Oslo.

(Note: In northern Norway, the midnight sun shines for nearly two months during this period!) Summer days rarely get warmer than 80 F and can be quite cool in the 50s and 60s.

Winter brings only about six hours of daylight in Oslo and none in areas north of the Arctic Circle.

Snow brightens the landscape considerably, even during the shortest days.

However, some people find the darkness oppressive.

Norwegians seem to have found numerous ways to combat the depression of winter such as utilizing the many (often lit) cross-country trails and downhill slopes within the Oslo city limits or keeping things cozy and bright inside, using lots of candlelight for cheer and warmth.

Terrain

• glaciated
• mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys
• small, scattered plains
• coastline deeply indented by fjords
• arctic tundra in north

Location

Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden

Total Area

125,020 Square Miles 323,802 Square Kilometers

Border Countries

Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km

Environment - Current Issues

• water pollution
• acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks
• air pollution from vehicle emissions

Environment - International Agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

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Exports

$111,200,000,000 (USD)

Imports

$74,020,000,000 (USD)

Major Exports

petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish

Major Imports

machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs

Top Export Partners

UK 19.4%, Germany 12.4%, France 11.5%, Netherlands 9.3%, US 8.6%, Sweden 7.3%

Top Import Partners

Sweden 15.7%, Germany 13.4%, Denmark 8.1%, UK 7.4%, US 6.2%, France 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8%

Export Partners

UK 19.4%, Germany 12.4%, France 11.5%, Netherlands 9.3%, US 8.6%, Sweden 7.3%

Import Partners

Sweden 15.7%, Germany 13.4%, Denmark 8.1%, UK 7.4%, US 6.2%, France 4.8%, Netherlands 4.8%

Country Description

Norway is a highly developed, stable democracy with a modern economy.

The cost of living in Norway is high; tourist facilities are well-developed and widely available.

Safety & Security

In July 2011, Norway suffered two sequential terrorist attacks by a right-wing extremist against government buildings in Oslo and a youth camp, leaving 77 dead.

In a separate case in September 2012, Norwegian courts upheld the convictions of two men resident in Norway suspected of planning attacks and having links to al-Qaida.

Like other countries in the Schengen area, Norway's open borders with its Western European neighbors also allow the possibility of terrorists entering/exiting the country with anonymity.

Be vigilant with regard to your personal security.

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Crime

Norway has a relatively low level of crime in comparison to the United States and Western European countries with large populations.

The most likely forms of crime, especially in the Oslo metropolitan area, include residential and office burglaries and petty thefts.

In Oslo and the other major urban areas, crime has been centered in the inner city and high transit areas.

As in any other location, especially in urban areas, you should exercise basic security awareness.

Although rare, violent and weapons-related crimes are growing in frequency and receive intense media coverage.

These crimes usually occur in areas known to have drug trafficking and gang problems, such as certain parts of eastern Oslo.

Reports have shown an increase in rape in Norway, mainly in downtown Oslo, with areas such as Grünerlokka being an area of particular concern.

You should be aware that instances of pick-pocketing and petty theft are common in major tourist areas, hotel lobbies, train and transit stations, and surrounding areas.

The Oslo Central train station is an especially popular area for pick-pockets and bag snatchers.

Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available.

Not only are the bootlegs illegal to bring back into the United States, if you purchase them, you may also be breaking local law.

Criminal Penalties

While you are traveling in Norway, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen.

Foreign laws and legal systems can be vastly different than our own, and criminal penalties will vary from country to country.

This can be especially true in countries such as Norway which may seem similar to the United States, yet travelers may not be aware of subtle legal and cultural differences.

Norwegian family law, for example, can be very different from that in the United States, so visitors and long-term residents are encouraged to familiarize themselves with this law to avoid potential problems.

There are also some things that might be legal in Norway, but are illegal in the United States.

For example, you can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods in Norway.

Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime prosecutable in the United States.

While you are overseas, you may be subject to both U.S. and local laws.

If you do something illegal in Norway, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution.

It’s very important to know what’s legal and what’s not at your destination.

While some countries will automatically notify the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate if a U.S. citizen is detained or arrested in a foreign country, that might not always be the case.

To ensure that the United States is aware of your circumstances, request that the police and prison officials notify the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate as soon as you are arrested or detained overseas.

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Medical Facilities

Medical facilities are widely available and of high quality, but may be limited outside the larger urban areas.

The remote and sparse populations in northern Norway and the dependency on ferries to cross fjords of western Norway may affect transportation and ready access to medical facilities.

The U.S.

Embassy in Oslo maintains a list of emergency medical and dental clinics in major cities.

Traffic Safety

While in Norway, you may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States.

Public transportation in Norway is generally safe, and the maintenance and condition of urban roads is generally good.

Rural road conditions are fair and the availability of roadside assistance is limited.

Most roadways beyond the city limits of Oslo and other major cities tend to be simple two-lane roads.

In mountainous areas of Norway, the roads tend to be narrow and winding, and have many tunnels.

The northerly latitude can cause road conditions to vary greatly, depending on weather and time of year.

Many mountain roads are closed due to snow from late fall to late spring.

The use of winter tires is mandatory on all motor vehicles from November to April.

Norwegian law requires that drivers always use headlights when driving.

Norwegian law also requires drivers to yield to vehicles coming from the right.

In some, but not all, instances, major roads with “right of way” are marked.

Seatbelts are mandatory for drivers and passengers.

It is illegal to use a hand-held cell phone while driving; violators risk a fine of 1,300 kroner (approximately $215).

Norway has some of Europe’s strictest laws on driving under the influence of alcohol; they prescribe heavy penalties for drivers convicted of having very low blood-alcohol levels.

Frequent road checks with mandatory breathalyzer tests and the promise of stiff jail sentences encourage alcohol-free driving.

The maximum legal blood alcohol content level for driving a car in Norway is .02 per cent.

Automatic cameras placed by the police along roadways help to maintain speed limits, which are often lower than in other European countries.

Fines – and sometimes even jail time – are imposed for violations.

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Airports - total

95

Airports with Paved Runways

67

Heliports

1

Railways

2,633 Miles 4,237 Kilometers

Roadways- total

58,328 Miles 93,870 Kilometers

Roadways- paved

47,071 Miles 75,754 Kilometers

Waterways

980 Miles 1,577 Kilometers

Ports and Terminals

Bergen, Drammen, Floro, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim

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Pipelines: Condensate

359 Miles 578 Kilometers

Pipelines: Gas

4,998 Miles 8,044 Kilometers

Pipelines: Oil

2,357 Miles 3,794 Kilometers

Pipelines: Oil/Gas/Water

284 Miles 457 Kilometers

Pipelines: Refined Products

60 Miles 96 Kilometers

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Telephones

1,900,000

Cell Phones

5,192,000

Internet Users

3,800,000

Internet Country Code

.no

Internet Hosts

3,352,000

Broadcast Media

• state-owned public radio-TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations
• roughly a dozen privately owned television stations broadcast nationally and roughly another 25 local TV stations broadcasting
• nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV
• 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide and another 240 stations operate locally

Telephone System

• assessment: modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe
• domestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of mobile-cellular systems
• international: country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; submarine cables provide links to other Nordic countries and Europe; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden)

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Electricity Consumption- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

128,800,000,000

Electricity Exports- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

17,290,000,000

Electricity Imports- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

3,414,000,000

Electricity Production- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

142,700,000,000

Natural Gas Consumption - Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

5,506,000,000

Natural Gas Exports- Cubic Meters (cu m)

107,300,000,000

Natural Gas Production- Cubic Meters (cu m)

114,700,000,000

Natural Gas Reserves- Cubic Meters (cu m)

2,070,000,000,000

Oil Consumption- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

255,200

Oil Exports- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

1,602,000

Oil Imports- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

11,320

Oil Production- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

3,220,000

Oil Reserves- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

5,366,000,000

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Anthem Lyrics

"Ja, vi elsker dette landet" Ja, vi elsker dette landet, som det stiger frem, furet, værbitt, over vannet, med de tusen hjem.

Elsker, elsker det og tenker på vår far og mor og den saganatt som senker drømmer på vår jord.

Norske mann i hus og hytte, takk din store Gud!

Landet ville han beskytte skjønt det mørkt så ut.

Alt hva fedrene har kjempet, mødrene har grett, har den Herre stille lempet, så vi vant vår rett.

Ja, vi elsker dette landet, som det stiger frem, furet, værbitt over vannet, med de tusen hjem!

Og som fedres kamp har hevet det fra nød til seier også vi når det blir krevet, for dets fred slår leir.

Anthem Lyrics English

"Yes, we love this country" Yes, we love this country, as it rises forth, furrowed, weathered, above the water, with the thousand home.

Love, love it and think on our father and mother and the fairy night that lowers dreams on our earth.

Norwegian man in house and cabin, thank your great God!

He wanted to protect the country although it looked dark.

All that the fathers have fought, the mothers are angry, has the Lord quietly relaxed, so we won our right.

Yes, we love this country, as it rises forth, furrowed, weathered over the water, with the thousand home!

And which fathers' struggle has raised that from distress to victory also us when it is required, for its peace encamps.