Geography & environment — North Macedonia
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for North Macedonia: Europe
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Europe
- Geographic Coordinates
41 50 N, 22 00 E
- Total Area
9,928 Square Miles 25,713 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
9,820 Square Miles 25,433 Square Kilometers
- Water Area
108 Square Miles 280 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
476 Miles 766 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km
Physical geography
- Highest Point
2,764 Meters
- Lowest Point
50 Meters
- Irrigated Land
493 Square Miles 1,278 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate
- Climate
Mostly a country of hills and mountains, Macedonia has a continental Mediterranean climate characterized by long, dry, rather hot summers and short, cold winters. The average air temperature in the summer is 25°C (77°F) and 0.5°C (33°F) in winter. However, short periods of extreme temperatures of 110-115°F in summer and low 20s in the winter are common. The average annual precipitation is 445.5 mm. The humidity in Macedonia averages 66%. Occasionally, there are dust storms in the Vardar River valley. Macedonia is on a fault line and the country averages four earthquakes a year (most go unnoticed) with a median reading of 6 on the Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik International Seismological Scale.
- Location
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
- Total Area
9,928 Square Miles 25,713 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km
Environment
- Environment - International Agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements