Geography & environment — Lebanon
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Lebanon: Middle East
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Location & size
- Geographic Location
Middle East
- Geographic Coordinates
33 50 N, 35 50 E
- Total Area
4,015 Square Miles 10,400 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
3,950 Square Miles 10,230 Square Kilometers
- Water Area
66 Square Miles 170 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
282 Miles 454 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
- Coastline
140 Miles 225 Kilometers
Physical geography
- Terrain
narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
- Highest Point
3,088 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m
- Lowest Point Location
Mediterranean Sea 0 m
- Natural Resources
limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land
- Irrigated Land
402 Square Miles 1,040 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate
- Climate
From May through October, sunny weather prevails and rain is infrequent. Temperatures rarely go above 90°F in the summer. Fall and spring are relatively short. Winters are mild (in the city, winter temperatures rarely drop below 40°F and damp. Most of the country's annual rainfall (about 36 inches) occurs from December through March. Winter storms frequently are accompanied by high winds, lightning, and thunder.
- Terrain
narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
- Location
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria
- Total Area
4,015 Square Miles 10,400 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
- deforestation
- soil erosion
- desertification
- air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes
- pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills
- Environment - International Agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed,
- but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation