Demographics & population — Latvia
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Latvia: 1,881,232
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
1,881,232
- Population Growth Rate
-0.61%
- Urban Population
- Population in Major Urban Areas
RIGA (capital) 701,000
Age & family
- Age Structure
- Median Age
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
10
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
13.6
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.34
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
67.8%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
67.8%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
26.4
- Mother's mean age at first birth
26.4
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-2.36
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Latvian 57.7%, Russian 29.6%, Belarusian 4.1%, Ukrainian 2.7%, Polish 2.5%, Lithuanian 1.4%, other 2% (2002)
- Language Note
Latvian (official) 56.3%, Russian 33.8%, other 0.6% (includes Polish, Ukrainian, and Belarusian), unspecified 9.4%; note - data represent language usually spoken at home.
- Nationality Noun
Latvian(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
99.7%
- Literacy - male
99.8%
- Literacy - female
99.8%
- Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
5%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
34
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
2.9
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
5.3
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
6.7%
- Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk
intermediate
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
24.9%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved