Moving to North Korea: visas, cost of living & immigrant guide

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Population

25,643,466

Population Growth Rate

0.53%

Urban Population

60.300000

Population in Major Urban Areas

PYONGYANG (capital) 2.843 million

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Age Structure

20.970000

Median Age

33.200000

Birth Rate - births/1,000 population

14

Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population

9.15

Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman

1.99

Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49

68.6%

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49

68.6%

Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female

1.050000

Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population

-0.04

Ethnic Groups

racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese community and a few ethnic Japanese

Language Note

Korean is spoken in both North and South Korea and is written in a phonetic alphabet created and promulgated in the mid-15th century.

While the alphabet is called Hangul in South Korea, it is known as Chosongul in North Korea.

Although the Korean language is derived with words adapted from Chinese, the North Koreans, unlike the South Koreans, do not use Chinese characters with Chosongul in their newspapers and publications.

They prefer to use only Chosongul, which is sufficient for most needs.

There are differences in vocabulary between the North and the South, influenced somewhat by politics and also by the contact each country has had with other nations.

Russian, Chinese, and English are taught as second languages in the schools.

Nationality Noun

Korean(s)

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Literacy - total population

99%

Literacy - male

99%

Literacy - female

99%

Literacy Definition

age 15 and over can read and write Korean

Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)

0.000000

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Life Expectancy at Birth

69.510000

Infant Mortality Rate

25.340000

Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births

25.340000

Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births

81

Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population

3.29

Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population

13.2

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

3.9%

Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved

98.900000

Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved

87.900000

Underweight - percent of children under five years

18.8%

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Economic Overview

• sectors: Agriculture: The agricultural sector operates under a system of collectivized farming. The country faces chronic food shortages due to a lack of arable land, outdated technology, and climate challenges. Key crops include rice, corn, and potatoes.
• Industry: Heavy industry, such as mining and metallurgy, remains a priority. The country possesses significant reserves of coal, iron ore, and rare earth minerals, which form the backbone of its export economy.
• Services: The service sector is underdeveloped, with limited commercial activity outside state-controlled enterprises. Black markets, often referred to as the "jangmadang," play an increasing role in informal economic exchanges. 3. Trade and International Relations North Korea's foreign trade is highly constrained by international sanctions imposed due to its nuclear weapons program. The country relies heavily on trade with China, which accounts for approximately 90% of its imports and exports. Primary exports include coal, textiles, and labor services, while imports consist of fuel, machinery, and food. 4. Challenges and Vulnerabilities The North Korean economy faces significant structural and external
• challenges: Sanctions: Multilateral and unilateral sanctions have restricted North Korea's access to international markets and financial systems, severely impacting its ability to sustain economic growth. Resource
• Dependence: Over-reliance on China for trade and limited diversification in exports make the economy vulnerable to external shocks. Food
• Security: Chronic food shortages and undernourishment remain pressing issues, exacerbated by climatic conditions and inefficiencies in agricultural production. Technological
• Stagnation: The lack of access to modern technology and infrastructure hampers productivity across all sectors.
• Militarization: A disproportionate allocation of resources to military and defense sectors detracts from potential investments in social and economic development. 5. Recent Developments and Prospects In recent years, North Korea has shown sporadic interest in limited market reforms and engagement with foreign investors, though these efforts remain tightly controlled and have yet to result in significant economic liberalization. The COVID-19 pandemic has further isolated the country, disrupting trade and exacerbating its economic challenges.

Industries

• military products
• machine building, electric power, chemicals
• mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy
• textiles, food processing
• tourism

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,800.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

1%

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GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP)

$40,000,000,000 (USD)

GDP Per Capita

$1,800.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

1%

GDP - official exchange rate

$28,000,000,000 (USD)

GDP - composition, by end use

• services: 5.9% imports of goods and
• services: 11.1%

GDP - note

• North Korea does not publish reliable National Income Accounts data
• the data shown here are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP estimates for North Korea that were made by Angus MADDISON in a study conducted for the OECD
• his figure for 1999 was extrapolated to 2011 using estimated real growth rates for North Korea's GDP and an inflation factor based on the US GDP deflator
• the results were rounded to the nearest $10 billion.

GDP by Sector- agriculture

22%

GDP by Sector- Industry

47%

GDP by Sector- services

31%

Exchange Rate per US Dollar

North Korean won (KPW)

Currency Name and Code

North Korean Won (KPW)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Labor Force

12,200,000

Major Industries

• military products
• machine building, electric power, chemicals
• mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy
• textiles, food processing
• tourism

Agriculture Products

rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs

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Labor Force By Occupation - industry and services

65%

Labor Force By Occupation- agriculture

35%

Annual Budget

$3,200,000,000 (USD)

Budget Surplus or Deficit - percent of GDP

-0.4%

Taxes and other revenues - percent of GDP

11.4%

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Full Country Name

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Country Name

North Korea

Local - Long

Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk

Local - Short

Choson

Abbreviation

DPRK

Etymology- history of name

derived from the Chinese name for Goryeo, which was the Korean dynasty that united the peninsula in the 10th century A.D.; the North Korean name "Choson" means "[Land of the] Morning Calm"

Independence

15 August 1945 (from Japan)

National Holiday

Founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), 9 September (1948)

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Government Type

dictatorship, single-party state; official state ideology of "Juche" or "national self-reliance"

Constitution

• history: previous 1948, 1972; latest adopted 1998 (during KIM Jong-il era)
• amendments: proposed by the Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA); passage requires more than two-thirds majority vote of the total SPA membership; revised several times, last in 2023

Legal System:

civil law system based on the Prussian model; system influenced by Japanese traditions and Communist legal theory

Executive Branch:

• chief of state: State Affairs Commission President KIM Jong Un (since 17 December 2011); note - within the North Korean system, KIM Jong Un's role as chief of state is secondary to his role as general secretary of the Korean Workers' Party; chief of state is used to engage with non-communist countries such as the US; North Korea revised its constitution in 2019 to define "the Chairman of the State Affairs Commission" as "the supreme leader who represents the state"; functions as the commander-in-chief and chief executive; the specific titles associated with this office have changed multiple times under KIM's tenure, however, KIM Jong Un has been supreme leader since his father's death in 2011
• head of government: Supreme People's Assembly President CHOE Ryong Hae (since 11 April 2019); note - functions as the technical head of state and performs related duties, such as receiving ambassadors' credentials
• cabinet: Cabinet or Naegak members appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly except the Minister of People's Armed Forces
• elections/appointments: chief of state and premier indirectly elected by the Supreme People's Assembly; election last held on 10 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2024)
• election results: 2019: KIM Jong Un reelected unopposed note 1: KIM Jong Un's titles include general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea (KWP), chairman of the KWP Central Military Commission, president of the State Affairs Commission, and supreme commander of the Korean People's Army

Legislative Branch:

• Description: unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui (687 seats; members directly elected by majority vote in 2 rounds if needed to serve 5-year terms);
• Note: functions as a rubberstamp legislature; the Korean Workers' Party selects all candidates
• Elections: last held on 10 March 2019 (next to be held in March 2024)
• Election Results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - KWP 607, KSDP 50, Chondoist Chongu Party 22, General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon) 5, religious associations 3; ruling party approves a list of candidates who are elected without opposition; composition as of March 2022 - men 566, women 121, percent of women 17.6%
• Note: KWP, KSDP, Chondoist Chongu Party, and Chongryon are under the KWP's control; a token number of seats reserved for minor parties

Judicial Branch:

• office: judges elected by the Supreme People's Assembly for 5-year terms
• subordinate courts: lower provincial courts as determined by the Supreme People's Assembly

Regions or States:

• Summary: 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 4 special administration cities (si, singular and plural) provinces: Chagang, Hambuk (North Hamgyong), Hamnam (South Hamgyong), Hwangbuk (North Hwanghae), Hwangnam (South Hwanghae), Kangwon, P'yongbuk (North Pyongan), P'yongnam (South Pyongan), Ryanggang special administration cities: Kaesong, Nampo, P'yongyang, Rason note: P'yongyang is identified as a directly controlled city
• while Kaesong
• Nampo
• and Rason are designated as special cities

Political Parties and Leaders:

• major parties: Korean Workers' Party or KWP (formally known as Workers' Party of Korea) [KIM Jong Un, general secretary]
• General Association of Korean Residents in Japan (Chongryon) [HO Chong Man] minor parties: Chondoist Chongu Party [RI Myong Chol] (under KWP control)
• Social Democratic Party or KSDP [KIM Ho Chol] (under KWP control)

Suffrage:

17 years of age; universal and compulsory

Citizenship Criteria:

• birth: no citizenship by descent
• only: at least one parent must be a citizen of North Korea dual citizenship
• recognized: no residency requirement for
• naturalization: unknown

Capital Name

Pyongyang

Capital - geographic coordinate

39 01 N, 125 45 E

Capital Time Difference

UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) time zone note: on 5 May 2018, North Korea reverted to UTC+9, the same time zone as South Korea

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International Organization Participation:

• ARF
• FAO
• G-77
• ICAO
• ICRM
• IFAD
• IFRCS
• IHO
• IMO
• IMSO
• IOC
• IPU
• ISO
• ITSO
• ITU
• NAM
• UN
• UNCTAD
• UNESCO
• UNIDO
• UNWTO
• UPU
• WFTU (NGOs)
• WHO
• WIPO
• WMO

International Law Organization Participation:

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Diplomatic Representation from US:

• Embassy: none; the Swedish Embassy in Pyongyang represents the US as consular protecting power

Diplomatic Representation in the US:

• Chief of Mission: none; North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York

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Geographic Location

Asia

Geographic Coordinates

40 00 N, 127 00 E

Total Area

46,540 Square Miles 120,538 Square Kilometers

Land Area

46,490 Square Miles 120,408 Square Kilometers

Water Area

50 Square Miles 130 Square Kilometers

Land Boundaries

1,039 Miles 1,672 Kilometers

Border Countries

China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km

Coastline

1,550 Miles 2,495 Kilometers

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Terrain

mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys

coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east

Highest Point

2,744 Meters

Highest Point Location

Paektu-san 2,744 m

Lowest Point Location

Sea of Japan 0 m

Natural Resources

coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower

Irrigated Land

5,637 Square Miles 14,600 Square Kilometers

Time Zone

UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) time zone note: on 5 May 2018, North Korea reverted to UTC+9, the same time zone as South Korea

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Climate

temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer

Terrain

mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys

coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east

Location

Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea

Total Area

46,540 Square Miles 120,538 Square Kilometers

Border Countries

China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km

Environment - Current Issues

• water pollution
• inadequate supplies of potable water
• water-borne disease
• deforestation
• soil erosion and degradation

Environment - International Agreements

party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

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Exports

$1,275,000,000 (USD)

Imports

$3,096,000,000 (USD)

Major Exports

minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments); textiles and fishery products

Major Imports

petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment; textiles, grain

Top Export Partners

South Korea 28.5%, China 28.4%, Japan 24.7%

Top Import Partners

China 39.7%, Thailand 14.6%, Japan 11.2%, Germany 7.6%, South Korea 6.2%

Export Partners

South Korea 28.5%, China 28.4%, Japan 24.7%

Import Partners

China 39.7%, Thailand 14.6%, Japan 11.2%, Germany 7.6%, South Korea 6.2%

Country Description

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea or the DPRK) is a highly regimented, repressive Communist state located on the Korean Peninsula between northeast China and the Republic of Korea (South Korea or the ROK), sharing land borders with China, Russia, and South Korea.

The border between North and South Korea is closed.

The United States does not maintain diplomatic or consular relations with North Korea.

The Embassy of Sweden in Pyongyang acts as the United States’ interim protecting power and provides basic consular services to U.S. citizens traveling in North Korea.

For additional information, please refer to the section on “Special Circumstances” below.

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Crime

North Korea does not release crime statistics.

Violent crime is rare, and street crime against foreigners is uncommon in Pyongyang.

Petty thefts have been reported, especially at the airport in Pyongyang.

Do not buy counterfeit and/or pirated goods, even if they are widely available.

The purchase of counterfeit and pirated goods is illegal in the United States and may be illegal in North Korea.

Criminal Penalties

The North Korean system does not operate according to the rule of law, and foreigners should harbor no expectations regarding due process.

Foreign visitors to North Korea may be arrested, detained, or expelled for activities that would not be considered criminal outside North Korea, including involvement in unsanctioned religious and/or political activities (whether those activities took place inside or outside North Korea), unauthorized travel, or unauthorized interaction with the local population.

If you do something considered illegal in North Korea, you may be subject to the North Korean judicial system, which is an instrument of state power and not an independent branch of government.

Protections guaranteed under the U.S. legal system do not apply, and possession of a U.S. passport does not confer special status.

Your local host/liaison may be able to provide useful guidance.

North Korean security personnel may regard as espionage unauthorized or unescorted travel inside North Korea and unauthorized attempts to speak directly with North Korean citizens.

North Korean authorities may fine or arrest you for exchanging currency with an unauthorized vendor, for taking unauthorized photographs, or for shopping at stores not designated for foreigners.

It is a criminal act in North Korea to show disrespect to the country's current and former leaders – Kim Jong Un, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Il Sung.

A near-religious cult surrounds treatment of these individuals, and acts that would be deemed unexceptional elsewhere in the world – e.g., placing in the garbage newspapers bearing their photographs – may be deemed disrespectful.

Although North Korea has granted press visas for cultural or sporting events or visits of foreign leaders, officials watch closely to prevent journalists from talking to ordinary people or questioning the policies, actions, or public statements of North Korea’s leadership.

North Korea has confiscated objectionable material from foreign journalists.

Journalists who engaged in activities that challenged the regime have been deported, arrested, or detained to face criminal charges.

North Korean government security personnel closely monitor the activities and conversations of foreigners in North Korea.

Never bring or handle any material, printed or digital, that could be interpreted as critical of, or hostile to, the country or its leadership.

Hotel rooms, telephones, and fax machines may be monitored, and personal possessions in hotel rooms may be searched.

Do not take pictures without explicit authorization.

North Korean government authorities may view taking unauthorized pictures as espionage, confiscate cameras and film and/or detain the photographer.

Persons violating the laws of North Korea, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned.

Engaging in sexual conduct with minors or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime, prosecutable in the United States.

Languages Korean is spoken in both North and South Korea and is written in a phonetic alphabet created and promulgated in the mid-15th century.

While the alphabet is called Hangul in South Korea, it is known as Chosongul in North Korea.

Although the Korean language is derived with words adapted from Chinese, the North Koreans, unlike the South Koreans, do not use Chinese characters with Chosongul in their newspapers and publications.

They prefer to use only Chosongul, which is sufficient for most needs.

There are differences in vocabulary between the North and the South, influenced somewhat by politics and also by the contact each country has had with other nations.

Russian, Chinese, and English are taught as second languages in the schools.

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Medical Facilities

• If you have medical problems, you should not travel to North Korea. For decades, medical facilities in the DPRK have suffered from a lack of resources and electricity. Medical personnel often have inadequate or outdated skills. Hospitals in Pyongyang can perform basic examinations and lifesaving measures, but functioning x-ray facilities are not generally available. If possible, avoid surgery. If you have an accident outside Pyongyang, transport back to the capital can be lengthy and without medical assistance. According to DPRK Customs, most prescription medication may be brought into the country with no restrictions. If you require regular medication, you should bring a sufficient amount for your personal use along with the doctor’s prescription, since most drugs are unavailable locally. Hospitals will expect immediate U.S. dollar cash payment for medical treatment. You cannot use credit cards or checks in the DPRK. Local DPRK hosts are often not aware of options available for medical evacuations and might claim that no such options exist. It is important to insist on immediate contact with the Embassy of Sweden if you have serious medical problems. Tuberculosis is an increasingly serious health concern in North Korea. Medical Evacuations: In the case of a critical illness or accident, immediately contact the Embassy of Sweden, which will attempt to arrange flight clearances for air ambulances performing emergency medical evacuations. Costs for medical air evacuation vary, but according to SOS International, an evacuation from Pyongyang to Beijing averages approximately USD 40,000 including medical personnel (1 doctor and 1 nurse), the aircraft, and clearance costs. The General Bureau of the Koryo Civil Aviation of the DPRK says that it provides around-the-clock service and that requests for air clearance will be granted within 24 hours. If a U.S. citizen with a medical emergency is in Pyongyang, the Embassy of Sweden can usually arrange a medical evacuation to Beijing in one day. If the patient is located outside Pyongyang, it will take longer. Medical evacuation by regularly scheduled airlines can be arranged, but very few flights operate from Pyongyang to Beijing (Air Koryo and Air China), Shenyang (Air Koryo), or Vladivostok (Air Koryo). Air Koryo flights go to Shanghai only on a charter basis in the tourist season (April-October). In order to transit China, Chinese visas for injured foreigners and any escorts must be obtained prior to the evacuation from North Korea. Even in the case of a medical emergency, transit visas may take several days to arrange. Evacuation across the DMZ to South Korea is not allowed. Vaccinations: You should get all necessary vaccinations prior to traveling to North Korea. You can find information on vaccinations and other health precautions, such as safe food and water precautions and insect bite protection, at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s hotline for international travelers at 1-877-FYI-TRIP (1-877-394-8747) or via the CDC Internet site. For information about outbreaks of infectious diseases abroad consult the World Health Organization's (WHO) website. If you have special dietary requirements, you are advised to bring food with you to North Korea, as the restaurants available to foreigners have limited menus that lack variety and nutritional adequacy. Companies that may be able to arrange evacuation services include, but are not limited to, those listed below. You may wish to contact these or other emergency medical assistance providers for information about their ability to provide medical evacuation insurance and/or assistance for travelers to North Korea. International SOS ( www.internationalsos.com/en/ )
• Telephone: (U.S.) (1-800) 468-5232
• Telephone: (China) (86-10) 6462-9100, 6462-9112 Medex Assistance Corporation ( www.medexassist.com )
• Telephone: (U.S.) (410) 453-6300 / 6301
• Telephone: (Toll free within China) 10-8888-800-527-0218
• Telephone: (China) (86-10) 6595-851

Traffic Safety

Road conditions and driving habits in a foreign country can differ significantly from those in the United States.

The information below concerning North Korea is provided for general reference only.

You are not allowed to drive in North Korea unless you hold a valid DPRK driver’s license.

Bicycles are unavailable for rental or purchase.

Foreigners are not allowed to use public buses or the subway.

North Korea has a functioning rail transport system; however, delays occur often, sometimes for days.

On occasion, service may cease altogether before a traveler has reached his/her final destination.

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Airports - total

82

Airports with Paved Runways

39

Heliports

23

Railways

3,257 Miles 5,242 Kilometers

Roadways- total

15,879 Miles 25,554 Kilometers

Roadways- paved

450 Miles 724 Kilometers

Waterways

1,398 Miles 2,250 Kilometers

Ports and Terminals

Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang, Wonsan

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Pipelines: Oil

4 Miles 6 Kilometers

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Telephones

1,180,000

Internet Country Code

.kp

Internet Hosts

3

Broadcast Media

• no independent media
• radios and TVs are pre-tuned to government stations
• 4 government-owned TV stations
• the Korean Workers' Party owns and operates the Korean Central Broadcasting Station, and the state-run Voice of Korea operates an external broadcast service
• the government prohibits listening to and jams foreign broadcasts

Telephone System

• assessment: adequate system; nationwide fiber-optic network; mobile-cellular service expanding beyond Pyongyang
• domestic: fiber-optic links installed down to the county level; telephone directories unavailable; GSM mobile-cellular service initiated in 2002 but suspended in 2004; Orascom Telecom Holding, an Egyptian company, launched W-CDMA mobile service on 15 December 2008 for the Pyongyang area, has expanded service to several large cities and now has a 1-million-person subscriber base
• international: country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Russian - Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing

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Electricity Consumption- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

18,800,000,000

Electricity Production- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

22,500,000,000

Natural Gas Consumption - Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

1

Oil Consumption- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

15,000

Oil Imports- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

10,500

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Anthem History

This Communist nation adopted a new anthem upon its creation at the start of the cold war in 1947, simply titled "Patriotic Song". The words are by Pak Se Yong It has been in use since 1947 The music is by Kim Won Gyun

Anthem Lyrics

Patriotic Song A ch'im un pinnara i kangsan Ungum e, chawon do kaduk han Samch'olli, arumdaun nae choguk, Panmannyon oraen ryoksa e.

Ch'allan han munhwa ro charanan Sulgiroun inmin ui i yonggwang: Momgwa mam ta pach'yo, i, choson Kiri pattuse.

Ch'alse.

Paektusan Kisang ul ta anko.

Kullo ui chongsin un kitturo.

Chilli ro mungch 'yo jin oksen ttut On segye apso nagari.

Sonnun him nodo do naemiro, Inmin ui ttus uro son nara.

Han opsi pugang hanun I choson kiri pinnaese.

Anthem Lyrics English

Let morning shine on the silver and gold of this land, Three thousand leagues packed with natural wealth.

My beautiful fatherland.

The glory of a wise people Brought up in a culture brilliant With a history five millennia long.

Let us devote our bodies and minds To supporting this Korea for ever.

The firm will, bonded with truth, Nest for the spirit of labour, Embracing the atmosphere of Mount Paektu, Will go forth to all the world.

The country established by the will of the people, Breasting the raging waves with soaring strength.

Let us glorify for ever this Korea, Limitlessly rich and strong.