Demographics & population — Estonia
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Demographics & population at a glance
Population size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicators. Key figure for Estonia: 1,202,762
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Population overview
- Population
1,202,762
- Population Growth Rate
-0.66%
- Urban Population
- Population in Major Urban Areas
TALLINN (capital) 400,000
Age & family
- Age Structure
- Median Age
- Birth Rate - births/1,000 population
10
- Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population
13.65
- Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman
1.45
- Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49
63.4%
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49
63.4%
- Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49)
26.3
- Mother's mean age at first birth
26.3
- Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female
Migration
- Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population
-3.35
Ethnicity & language
- Ethnic Groups
Estonian 68.7%, Russian 24.8%, Ukrainian 1.7%, Belarusian 1%, Finn 0.6%, other 1.6%, unspecified 1.6%
- Nationality Noun
Estonian(s)
Education
- Literacy - total population
99.8%
- Literacy - male
99.8%
- Literacy - female
99.8%
- Literacy Definition
Age 15 and over can read and write
- Education Expenditures - percent of GDP
5.7%
- Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)
Health & living conditions
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births
- Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births
2
- Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population
3.34
- Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population
5.3
- Health Expenditures - percent of GDP
6%
- Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk
Intermediate
- Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.6%
- Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved
- Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved