Government & politics — Chad

named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; the word "tsade" means "large body of water" or "lake" in several local native languages note: the only country whose name is composed of a single syllable with a single vowel

• history: several previous; latest adopted by National Transitional Council 27 June 2023, approved by referendum 17 December, verified by Chad Supreme Court 28 December,
• previous process: proposed as a revision by the president of the republic after a Council of Ministers (cabinet) decision or by the National Assembly; approval for consideration of a revision requires at least three-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval by referendum or at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly

• chief of state: President Mahamat Idriss DÉ
• Council of Ministers election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed,
• for a 5-year term (no term limits) most recent election date: 6
• May 2024 election results: 2024: Mahamat Idriss DÉBY elected president; percent of vote - Mahamat Idriss DÉBY (MPS) 61%, Succes MASRA (Transformers) 18.5%, Albert PADACKE 16.9%, other 3.6% 2021: Lt. Gen. Idriss DÉBY reelected transitional president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DÉBY (MPS) 79.3%, Pahimi PADACKET Albert (RNDT) 10.3%, Lydie BEASSEMDA (Party for Democracy and Independence) 3.2%, other 7.2%

Description

formerly a unicameral National Assembly or Assemblée Nationale (188 seats; 163 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 25 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms);

Note

• on 5 October 2021, Interim President Mahamat Idriss DEBY installed 93 members of an interim parliament, called the National Transitional Council (NTC), replacing the National Assembly, which was disbanded after he took control of the country on 20 April 2021
• according to DEBY, the NTC will act as a national assembly of transition until the country’s next elections take place

Elections

members of the so called "National Transitional Council" were installed by Interim President DEBY on 5 October 2021 (next parliamentary elections to be held September 2022)

Election Results

• percent of vote by party - NA
• seats by party - NA;

Composition

men 64, women 29, percent of women 31.2%

Note

• the National Assembly mandate was extended to 2020, reportedly due to a lack of funding for the scheduled 2015 election
• the MPS has held a majority in the NA since 1997

• highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists
• of 3 judges and 6 jurists) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly;
• judges appointed for 9-year terms subordinate courts: High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace

Summary

23 provinces (provinces

Regions or States

• singular - province) Barh-El-Gazel
• Batha
• Borkou
• Chari-Baguirmi
• Ennedi-Est
• Ennedi-Ouest
• Guera
• Hadjer-Lamis
• Kanem
• Lac
• Logone Occidental
• Logone Oriental
• Mandoul
• Mayo-Kebbi-Est
• Mayo-Kebbi-Ouest
• Moyen-Chari
• N'Djamena
• Ouaddai
• Salamat
• Sila
• Tandjile
• Tibesti
• Wadi-Fira

• Chadian Convention for Peace and Development or CTPD [Laoukein Kourayo MEDARD]
• Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]
• National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]
• National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]
• Party for Unity and Reconstruction or PUR Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [formerly Idriss DEBY]
• Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Mahamat Allahou TAHER]
• Rally of Chadian Nationalists/Awakening or RNDT/Le Reveil [Albert Pahimi PADACKE]
• Social Democratic Party for a Change-over of Power or PDSA [Malloum YOBODA]
• Union for Democracy and the Republic or UDR Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Felix Romadoumngar NIALBE]
• Transformers [Succès MASRA] note 1: 19 additional parties each contributed one member note 2: only parties with at least two seats in the last elected National Assembly (February 2011) included
• Note: on 5 October 2021, Interim President Mahamat Idriss DEBY appointed 93 members to the interim National Transitional Council (NTC); 30% of the NTC members were retained from parties previously represented in the National Assembly

• no citizenship by descent only: both
• parents must be citizens of Chad dual citizenship recognized: Chadian law does not addr
• ess dual citizenship residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

chief of mission

Ambassador Alexander LASKARIS (since 18 August 2022) embassy: Rond-Point Chagoua, B.P. 413, N’Djamena mailing address: 2410 N'Djamena Place, Washington DC 20521-2410

telephone

[235] 2251-5017

FAX

[235] 2253-9102

Email address and website

• NdjamenaACS@state.gov
• https://td.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission

Ambassador KITOKO GATA Ngoulou (since 30 June 2023)

chancery

2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone

[1] (202) 652-1312

FAX

[1] (202) 578-0431

Email address and website

• info@chadembassy.us
• https://chadembassy.us/