Geography & environment — Bosnia and Herzegovina
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources.
Profile updated 2026-06-02
⚡ Geography & environment at a glance
Location, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resources. Key figure for Bosnia and Herzegovina: Europe
Immigration rules and fees change frequently — confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites.
Location & size
- Geographic Location
Europe
- Geographic Coordinates
44 00 N, 18 00 E
- Total Area
19,767 Square Miles 51,197 Square Kilometers
- Land Area
19,763 Square Miles 51,187 Square Kilometers
- Water Area
4 Square Miles 10 Square Kilometers
- Land Boundaries
956 Miles 1,538 Kilometers
- Border Countries
Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km
- Coastline
12 Miles 20 Kilometers
Physical geography
- Terrain
Mountains and valleys
- Highest Point
2,386 Meters
- Highest Point Location
Maglic 2,386 m
- Lowest Point Location
Adriatic Sea 0 m
- Natural Resources
Coal, iron ore, bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, cobalt, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, forests, hydropower
- Irrigated Land
12 Square Miles 30 Square Kilometers
Climate & time
- Time Zone
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Daylight saving time
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate
- Climate
Bosnia and Herzegovina has scenic, snowy winters, and a rainy season in the early summer. Summers are warm in the mountain valleys, but cool at higher elevations. The far northern part of the country has somewhat colder winters and warmer summers. The average January temperature in Sarajevo is 30°F. The average July temperature is 66°F.
- Terrain
Mountains and valleys
- Location
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia
- Total Area
19,767 Square Miles 51,197 Square Kilometers
- Border Countries
Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km
Environment
- Environment - Current Issues
Air pollution from metallurgical plants
sites for disposing of urban waste are limited
water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife
deforestation
- Environment - International Agreements
Party To: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements