Moving to Papua New Guinea: visas, cost of living & immigrant guide

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Population

7,259,456

Population Growth Rate

1.89%

Urban Population

12.500000

Population in Major Urban Areas

PORT MORESBY (capital) 343,000

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Age Structure

33.930000

Median Age

22.200000

Birth Rate - births/1,000 population

25

Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population

6.54

Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman

3.31

Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49

32.4%

Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49

32.4%

Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female

1.050000

Ethnic Groups

Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian

Language Note

In Papua New Guinea, languages fall within two basic language stocks: Melanesian and Papuan.

English is the official language and is taught in public schools.

The language used at home, however, is almost always that of one’s language group.

Melanesian Pidgin (Tok Pisin) is the most widely used language.

Motu is the most common indigenous language, used primarily in the Papuan region.

Nationality Noun

Papua New Guinean(s)

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Literacy - total population

57.3%

Literacy - male

71.1%

Literacy - female

57.7%

Literacy Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary)

0.000000

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Life Expectancy at Birth

66.660000

Infant Mortality Rate

40.840000

Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births

40.840000

Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births

230

Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population

.05

Health Expenditures - percent of GDP

4.3%

Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk

very high

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

16.2%

Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved

88.000000

Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved

56.400000

Underweight - percent of children under five years

18.1%

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Economic Overview

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by rugged terrain, land tenure issues, and the high cost of developing infrastructure.

The economy has a small formal sector, focused mainly on the export of those natural resources, and an informal sector, employing the majority of the population.

Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the people.

The global financial crisis had little impact because of continued foreign demand for PNG's commodities.

Mineral deposits, including copper, gold, and oil, account for nearly two-thirds of export earnings.

Natural gas reserves amount to an estimated 155 billion cubic meters.

Following construction of a $19 billion liquefied natural gas (LNG) project, PNG LNG, a consortium led by ExxonMobil, began exporting liquefied natural gas to Asian markets in May 2014.

The project was delivered on time and only slightly above budget.

The success of the project has encouraged other companies to look at similar LNG projects.

French supermajor Total is hopes to begin construction on the Papua LNG project by 2020.

Due to lower global commodity prices, resource revenues of all types have fallen dramatically.

PNG’s government has recently been forced to adjust spending levels downward.

Numerous challenges still face the government of Peter O'NEILL, including providing physical security for foreign investors, regaining investor confidence, restoring integrity to state institutions, promoting economic efficiency by privatizing moribund state institutions, and maintaining good relations with Australia, its former colonial ruler.

Other socio-cultural challenges could upend the economy including chronic law and order and land tenure issues.

In August, 2017, PNG launched its first-ever national trade policy, PNG Trade Policy 2017-2032.

The policy goal is to maximize trade and investment by increasing exports, to reduce imports, and to increase foreign direct investment (FDI).

Industries

• copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production
• mining of gold, silver, and copper
• crude oil production
• construction, tourism

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,800.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

16%

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GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP)

$36,690,000,000 (USD)

GDP Per Capita

$2,800.00 (USD)

GDP - real growth rate

16%

GDP - official exchange rate

$18,000,000,000 (USD)

GDP - composition, by end use

• consumption: 56.1% government
• consumption: 10.5% investment in fixed
• capital: 13.4% investment in
• inventories: 7.7% exports of goods and
• services: 62.6% imports of goods and
• services: -50.3%

GDP by Sector- agriculture

23.3%

GDP by Sector- Industry

38.3%

GDP by Sector- services

38.4%

Industrial Growth Rate

10%

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Inflation Rate

6.8%

Exchange Rate per US Dollar

kina (PGK)

Currency Name and Code

Papua New Guinean Kina (PGK)

Fiscal Year

calendar year

Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate

10.6%

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Labor Force

3,809,000

Unemployment Rate

1.8%

Major Industries

• copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production
• mining of gold, silver, and copper
• crude oil production
• construction, tourism

Agriculture Products

coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, poultry, pork

Population Below Poverty Line

37%

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Labor Force By Occupation- agriculture

85%

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Annual Budget

$2,917,000,000 (USD)

Public Debt (% of GDP)

47.1%

Budget Surplus or Deficit - percent of GDP

-4.6%

Taxes and other revenues - percent of GDP

27.1%

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Full Country Name

Independent State of Papua New Guinea

Country Name

Papua New Guinea

Local - Short

Papuaniugini

Abbreviation

PNG

Former Name

German New Guinea, British New Guinea, Territory of Papua and New Guinea

Etymology- history of name

the word "papua" derives from the Malay "papuah" describing the frizzy hair of the Melanesians

Spanish explorer Ynigo ORTIZ de RETEZ applied the term "Nueva Guinea" to the island of New Guinea in 1545 after noting the resemblance of the locals to the peoples of the Guinea coast of Africa

Independence

16 September 1975 (from the Australia-administered UN trusteeship)

National Holiday

Independence Day, 16 September (1975)

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Government Type

parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm

Constitution

• history: adopted 15 August 1975, effective at independence 16 September 1975
• amendments: proposed by the National Parliament; passage has prescribed majority vote requirements depending on the constitutional sections being amended – absolute majority, two-thirds majority, or three-fourths majority; amended many times, last in 2016

Legal System:

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law

Executive Branch:

• chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor General Grand Chief Sir Bob DADAE (since 28 February 2017)
• head of government: Prime Minister James MARAPE (since 30 May 2019)
• cabinet: National Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister
• elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general nominated by the National Parliament and appointed by the chief of state; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the governor general pending the outcome of a National Parliament vote
• election results: James MARAPE reelected prime minister; National Parliament vote - 105 out of 118

Legislative Branch:

• Description: unicameral National Parliament (118 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies - 89 local, 20 provincial, the autonomous province of Bouganville, and the National Capital District - by majority preferential vote; members serve 5-year terms);
• Note: the constitution allows up to 126 seats
• Elections: last held from 4-22 July 2022 (next to be held in June 2027)
• Election Results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PANGU PATI - 39, PNC - 17, URP - 11, NAP - 6, SDP - 4, PFP - 4, PP – 4, PNGP – 3, ULP - 3, Advance PNG - 2, National Party - 2, Liberal Party - 2, AP - 1, Destiny Party - 1, Greens - 1, MAP - 1, NGP - 1, ODP - 1, PLP - 1, PMC - 1, PPP - 1, PRP - 1, THE - 1, independents - 10;
• Composition: NA

Judicial Branch:

• office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the governor general upon advice of the National Executive Council (cabinet) after consultation with the National Justice Administration minister; deputy chief justice and other justices appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, a 5-member body that includes the Supreme Court chief and deputy chief justices, the chief ombudsman, and a member of the National Parliament; full-time citizen judges appointed for 10-year renewable terms; non-citizen judges initially appointed for 3-year renewable terms and after first renewal can serve until age 70; appointment and tenure of National Court resident judges NA
• subordinate courts: district, village, and juvenile courts, military courts, taxation courts, coronial courts, mining warden courts, land courts, traffic courts, committal courts, grade five courts

Regions or States:

20 provinces, 1 autonomous region*, and 1 district**; Bougainville*, Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Hela, Jiwaka, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital**, New Ireland, Northern, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain, West Sepik

Political Parties and Leaders:

• Destiny Party [Marsh NAREWEC]
• Liberal Party [John PUNDARI]
• Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [Joseph YOPYYOPY]
• Melanesian Liberal Party or MLP [Dr Allan MARAT]
• National Alliance Party or NAP [Walter SCHNAUBELT]
• Our Development Party or ODP [Puka TEMU]
• Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [James MARAPE]
• Papua New Guinea Greens Party [Richard MASERE]
• Papua New Guinea National Party [Kerenga KUA]
• Papua New Guinea Party or PNGP [Belden NAMAH]
• People's First Party or PFP [Richard MARU]
• People's Movement for Change or PMC [Gary JUFFA]
• People's National Congress Party or PNC [Peter Paire O'NEILL]
• People’s National Party [Kerenga KUA]
• People's Party or PP [Dr Lino TOM]
• People's Progress Party or PPP [Sir Julius CHAN]
• People's Reform Party or PRP [James DONALD]
• PNG Party [Belden NAMAH]
• Social Democratic Party or SDP [Powes PARKOP]
• Triumph Heritage Empowerment Party or THE [Don POLYE]
• United Labor Party or ULP [Koni IGUAN]
• United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA]

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Citizenship Criteria:

• birth: no citizenship by descent
• only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Papua New Guinea dual citizenship
• recognized: no residency requirement for
• naturalization: 8 years

Capital Name

Port Moresby

Capital - geographic coordinate

9 27 S, 147 11 E

Capital Time Difference

UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) time zone note: Papua New Guinea has two time zones, including Bougainville (UTC+11)

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International Organization Participation:

• ACP
• ADB
• AOSIS
• APEC
• ARF
• ASEAN (observer)
• CD
• CP
• EITI (candidate country)
• FAO
• G-77
• IAEA
• IBRD
• ICAO
• ICRM
• IDA
• IFAD
• IFC
• IFRCS
• IHO
• ILO
• IMF
• IMO
• Interpol
• IOC
• IOM
• IPU
• ISO (correspondent)
• ITSO
• ITU
• MIGA
• NAM
• OPCW
• PIF
• Sparteca
• SPC
• UN
• UNCTAD
• UNESCO
• UNIDO
• UNMISS
• UNWTO
• UPU
• WCO
• WFTU (NGOs)
• WHO
• WIPO
• WMO
• WTO

International Law Organization Participation:

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Diplomatic Representation from US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador-designate Ann Marie YASTISHOCK (since 2 February 2024); note - also accredited to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu
• Embassy: Harbour City Road, Konedobu, Port Moresby, NCD, Papua New Guinea
• Mailing Address: 4240 Port Moresby Pl, Washington DC 20521-4240
• Telephone: [675] 308-9100
• Email: ConsularPortMoresby@state.gov
• Website: https://pg.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic Representation in the US:

• Chief of Mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Cephas KAYO (since 31 January 2018)
• Chancery: 1825 K Street NW, Suite 1010, Washington, DC 20006
• Telephone: [1] (202) 745-3680
• FAX: [1] (202) 745-3679
• Email: info@pngembassy.org
• Website: http://www.pngembassy.org/

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Geographic Location

Oceania

Geographic Coordinates

6 00 S, 147 00 E

Total Area

178,703 Square Miles 462,840 Square Kilometers

Land Area

174,849 Square Miles 452,860 Square Kilometers

Water Area

3,853 Square Miles 9,980 Square Kilometers

Land Boundaries

510 Miles 820 Kilometers

Border Countries

Indonesia 820 km

Coastline

3,201 Miles 5,152 Kilometers

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Terrain

mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills

Highest Point

4,509 Meters

Highest Point Location

Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m

Lowest Point Location

Pacific Ocean 0 m

Natural Resources

gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries

Time Zone

UTC+10 (15 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) time zone note: Papua New Guinea has two time zones, including Bougainville (UTC+11)

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Climate

Papua New Guinea lies wholly within the Tropics, and its climate is monsoonal.

The "wet" northwest monsoon season extends from December to March and the "dry" southeast monsoon from May to October.

Average annual rainfall is high, ranging from 80 to 100 inches.

Although many areas have a wet and dry season, these terms are relative.

Even in the so‑called dry season, 2–4 inches of rain per month fall in most areas.

Many areas receive more than 200 inches, but a few, like Port Moresby, lie in a rain shadow and receive 40 inches or less annually.

Although tropical, temperatures are not extreme.

Most lowland, coastal, and island areas have a daily average temperature of 81°F, and seasonal variations are slight.

In the highlands, temperature varies with altitude.

At 6,000 feet, the average temperature is 61°F; daytime temperatures rise to 90°F and nighttime temperatures fall between 40°F and 50°F.

Lowland humidity is uniformly about 80% with very little seasonal variation.

Humidity fluctuates more in the highlands where temperatures are lower.

Terrain

mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills

Location

Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia

Total Area

178,703 Square Miles 462,840 Square Kilometers

Border Countries

Indonesia 820 km

Environment - Current Issues

• rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber
• pollution from mining projects
• severe drought

Environment - International Agreements

party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

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Exports

$5,976,000,000 (USD)

Imports

$3,547,000,000 (USD)

Major Exports

oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, crayfish, prawns

Major Imports

machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals

Top Export Partners

Australia 24.2%, Japan 9.4%, China 5.4%

Top Import Partners

Australia 49.2%, Singapore 18.8%, New Zealand 4.4%, Japan 4.3%

Export Partners

Australia 24.2%, Japan 9.4%, China 5.4%

Import Partners

Australia 49.2%, Singapore 18.8%, New Zealand 4.4%, Japan 4.3%

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Country Description

Papua New Guinea is a developing country in the Southwest Pacific.

The capital is Port Moresby.

Tourist facilities outside major towns are limited, and crime is a serious concern throughout Papua New Guinea.

Safety & Security

Tensions between communal or clan groups may lead to localized conflicts involving bush knives, machetes, or firearms.

Always consult with your tour operator, the U.S.

Embassy in Port Moresby, or with Papua New Guinean authorities for current information on areas where you intend to travel.

If you plan to travel to the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, please contact the U.S.

Embassy in Port Moresby for updated security information.

South Bougainville continues to suffer from intermittent factional violence.

Law enforcement in this area is weak, and tourist and transportation facilities are limited.

If you travel to Bougainville, exercise a high degree of caution.

Areas near the Panguna mine, located on the southern part of the Island of Bougainville, have been officially designated “no go zones” by the Autonomous Government of Bougainville; we strongly recommend that you avoid those areas.

Unexploded ordinance and mines may be found in Bougainville, East New Britain, and throughout the Papua New Guinea islands.

Exercise caution when walking or hiking off marked roads and trails.

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Crime

Papua New Guinea has a high crime rate.

U.S. citizens have occasionally been victims of violent crime, including rape, carjacking, and armed robberies.

You are at a greater risk of violent crimes such as robbery or rape if you travel alone, especially if you plan to hike in isolated rural areas.

You may want to consider travelling as part of an organized tour or escort.

Crime rates are highest in and around major cities such as Port Moresby, Lae, Mount Hagen, and Goroka, but can occur anywhere.

Pickpockets and opportunistic bag-snatchers frequent crowded public areas including parks, golf courses, beaches, and cemeteries.

Bag-snatchers may try to open doors of automobiles that are stopped or moving slowly in traffic.

Please consult the State Department’s Primer on Personal Security for Visitors to Papua New Guinea.

Organized tours booked through travel agencies remain the safest means to visit Papua New Guinea although on rare occasions, even persons participating in organized tours may be subject to violent robbery, assault, serious injury, or death.

In Papua New Guinea, avoid using local taxis or buses, known as Public Motor Vehicles (PMV's).

Rely on your sponsor or hotel to arrange for hotel transportation or a rental car.

Road travel outside of major towns can be hazardous due to criminal roadblocks near bridges, curves in the road, or other features that restrict vehicle speed and mobility.

Lock your doors and keep your window rolled up.

Please consult with the U.S.

Embassy or with local law enforcement officials concerning security conditions before driving between towns.

(See the Traffic Safety and Road Conditions section below.) Travel to isolated places in Papua New Guinea is possible primarily by small passenger aircraft to the many small airstrips throughout the country.

Security measures at these airports are often inadequate.

Hiking Trails: Exercise caution if you plan to hike the Kokoda Track, the Black Cat Track, or other trails in Papua New GuineaTravel with guides from a reputable tour company.

This is particularly important given the occasional threats by villagers to close parts of the track due to local land and compensation disputes.

Check with your travel agent and/or tour operator for contingency plans in the event that the track is blocked.

Hikers have been attacked even though they are part of an organized tour, sustaining serious injuries and death.

You should purchase appropriate travelers/medical insurance before arriving in Papua New Guinea.

The Kokoda Track Authority (KTA) has stationed rangers along the track and at airports to collect fees from trekkers who have not obtained a valid trekking permit.

The KTA can be contacted by telephone at 675-325-5540 or 675-325-1887 regarding payment of applicable fees.

Criminal Penalties

While you are traveling in Papua New Guinea, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen.

If you break the law in Papua New Guinea, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution.

Laws and legal systems can be vastly different than our own.

Criminal penalties will vary from country to country.

Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime prosecutable in the United States.

It’s very important to know what’s legal and what’s not where you are going.

Based on the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, bilateral agreements, and customary international law, if you are arrested in Papua New Guinea, you may request that the police, prison officials, or other authorities alert the U.S.

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Medical Facilities

Medical facilities in Papua New Guinea vary greatly between larger towns and remote areas.

Medical facilities in larger towns are usually adequate for routine problems and some emergencies.

However, equipment failures and shortages of common medications can mean that even routine treatments and procedures (such as X-rays) may be unavailable.

Medical facilities may be inaccessible in some rural areas.

A hyperbaric recompression chamber for diving emergencies is available in Port Moresby.

Pharmacies in Papua New Guinea are found only in urban centers.

Pharmacies are generally small and may be inadequately stocked.

Doctors and hospitals often expect immediate cash payment for medical services.

Please see the U.S.

Embassy website for a list of medical facilities in Papua New Guinea.

Diving injuries will almost always require medical evacuation to Australia, where more sophisticated facilities are available.

Medical evacuation companies could charge thousands of dollars for transport to Australia or the U.S.

If you anticipate the possible need for medical treatment in Australia, obtain a visa or entry permission for Australia in advance.

Traffic Safety

section below.) Travel to isolated places in Papua New Guinea is possible primarily by small passenger aircraft to the many small airstrips throughout the country.

Security measures at these airports are often inadequate.

Hiking Trails: Exercise caution if you plan to hike the Kokoda Track, the Black Cat Track, or other trails in Papua New GuineaTravel with guides from a reputable tour company.

This is particularly important given the occasional threats by villagers to close parts of the track due to local land and compensation disputes.

Check with your travel agent and/or tour operator for contingency plans in the event that the track is blocked.

Hikers have been attacked even though they are part of an organized tour, sustaining serious injuries and death.

You should purchase appropriate travelers/medical insurance before arriving in Papua New Guinea.

The Kokoda Track Authority (KTA) has stationed rangers along the track and at airports to collect fees from trekkers who have not obtained a valid trekking permit.

The KTA can be contacted by telephone at 675-325-5540 or 675-325-1887 regarding payment of applicable fees.

Criminal Penalties While you are traveling in Papua New Guinea, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen.

If you break the law in Papua New Guinea, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution.

Laws and legal systems can be vastly different than our own.

Criminal penalties will vary from country to country.

Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime prosecutable in the United States.

It’s very important to know what’s legal and what’s not where you are going.

Based on the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, bilateral agreements, and customary international law, if you are arrested in Papua New Guinea, you may request that the police, prison officials, or other authorities alert the U.S.

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Airports - total

561

Airports with Paved Runways

21

Heliports

2

Roadways- total

5,809 Miles 9,349 Kilometers

Roadways- paved

1,864 Miles 3,000 Kilometers

Waterways

6,835 Miles 11,000 Kilometers

Ports and Terminals

Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul

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Pipelines: Oil

164 Miles 264 Kilometers

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Telephones

60,000

Cell Phones

300,000

Internet Users

110,000

Internet Country Code

.pg

Internet Hosts

4,285

Broadcast Media

• 2 TV stations, 1 commercial station operating since the late 1980s and 1 state-run station launched in 2008
• satellite and cable TV services are available
• state-run National Broadcasting Corporation operates 3 radio networks with multiple repeaters and about 20 provincial stations
• several commercial radio stations with multiple transmission points as well as several community stations
• transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible

Telephone System

• assessment: services are minimal; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services
• domestic: access to telephone services is not widely available although combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to roughly 40 per 100 persons
• international: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service

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Electricity Consumption- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

2,683,000,000

Electricity Production- Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

2,885,000,000

Natural Gas Consumption - Kilowatt Hours (kWh)

110,000,000

Natural Gas Production- Cubic Meters (cu m)

100,000,000

Natural Gas Reserves- Cubic Meters (cu m)

155,300,000,000

Oil Consumption- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

36,320

Oil Exports- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

28,400

Oil Imports- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

14,880

Oil Production- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

50,000

Oil Reserves- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day)

154,300,000

Anthem Lyrics English

• Chorus: Shout our name from the mountains to seas Papua New Guinea; Let us raise our voices and proclaim Papua New Guinea. Now give thanks to the good Lord above For His kindness, His wisdom and love For this land of our fathers so free, Papua New Guinea.
• Chorus: Shout again for the whole world to hear Papua New Guinea; We're independent and we're free, Papua New Guinea.