--- title: Moving to Eritrea: Visas, Costs & Immigrant Guide description: Moving to Eritrea presents both challenges and opportunities for individuals and families. Asmara, the capital city, offers a mix of culture and history, making image: https://migrantiq.com/og/default.png --- Skip to content Eritrea flag [/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflagcdn.com%2Fw80%2Fer.png&w=3840&q=75] MOVING TO ERITREA: VISAS, COST OF LIVING & IMMIGRANT GUIDE Eritrea flag [/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fflagcdn.com%2Fw320%2Fer.png&w=3840&q=75] Moving to Eritrea: this free immigrant guide covers cost of living, visa options, banking, healthcare, laws, and settlement steps for living in Eritrea. Always confirm rules on the official immigration portal. Immigration rules and fees change frequently. Confirm current requirements on official government or embassy websites. Moving to Eritrea presents both challenges and opportunities for individuals and families. Asmara, the capital city, offers a mix of culture and history, making it an appealing destination for work, study, or family reunification. Understanding the various visa options, such as Business/Investor Visas, Family/Spouse Visas, and Student Visas, is essential. Each pathway has specific requirements, so thorough preparation is important for a easier move.\n\nDuring your first 90 days in Eritrea, adapting to local customs and regulations is important. This includes finding temporary housing, setting up local banking, and understanding the limited healthcare system. Being proactive in these areas will help you settle in comfortably and enjoy your new environment. This move can lead to personal growth and cultural exchange opportunities. Last updated 2026-05-17Official immigration portal ↗ [https://shabait.com/] Review due soon MigrantIQ research desk [/about/editorial/]3 min readData confidence: 82/100 7 published visa guides Save to planner Verify before you move MigrantIQ provides general migration information, not legal advice. Always verify critical steps with official government sources or a licensed advisor before paying fees or submitting documents. Terms [/terms/]Privacy [/privacy/]Report an issue [/contact/] AT A GLANCE: LIVING IN ERITREA Quick signals for cost of living, salary, healthcare, and safety before you dig into visas and settlement. Capital Asmara Region Africa (Eastern Africa) Currency ERN Cost of Living Index N/A Net Monthly Salary N/A Healthcare Limited Safety Index N/A Rent Index N/A Quality Index N/A COST OF LIVING IN ERITREA Specific cost of living and rent data for Eritrea is not available. However, living expenses can vary greatly between cities and regions. Understanding the local economic environment and pricing for goods and services will help you budget effectively. Salary expectations may also vary, which could impact your financial planning. ERITREA COUNTRY PROFILE In-depth facts & data for living in Eritrea on this page· Updated 2026-06-02 8 sections Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet above sea level, is located on a high plateau in the center of the country. The descent from Asmara to the port of Massawa is on… Demographics & populationPopulation size, age structure, migration, ethnicity, language, education, and health indicatorsEconomyGDP, employment, industries, public finance, and currencyGovernment & politicsGovernment structure, legal system, citizenship, and international relationsGeography & environmentLocation, land area, terrain, climate, and natural resourcesTradeImports, exports, and trading partnersTravel & safetySafety, crime, medical care, and travel conditions for visitors and newcomersInfrastructureTransport, communications, and energyNational symbolsAnthem and national symbols For planning only. Always verify immigration and legal rules on official government sites. DEMOGRAPHICS & POPULATION IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 280 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. Demographics & population in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. Eritrea sits in Eastern Africa, Africa, with Asmara as the capital. Common working and school languages in the dataset include Eritrea has no official language. Tigrinya, Arabic and English are all government, working languages. Tigrinya is spoken by highlanders, and is related to Tigre, spoken by people in the western and eastern lowlands. They use an ancient Ge'ez script. Like Arabic and they are both Semitic tongues. Arabic is widely used in commerce.. English proficiency is listed as medium. Population and age figures on this page are planning signals, not a substitute for census releases or visa eligibility rules. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet Early practical steps people actually use in Eritrea include: Confirm visa status and entry conditions before booking travel; Prepare temporary housing and proof of address where required; Set up local phone, banking, tax, and health coverage steps; Save emergency numbers, official portals, and scam-reporting channels. Treat the list as a reminder, not a filing checklist. When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: Population overview; Age & family; Ethnicity & language; Education; Health & living conditions. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: DEMOGRAPHICS & POPULATION POPULATION OVERVIEW Show 4 4 facts — expand for details. Population 6,081,196 Population Growth Rate 2.36% Urban Population 21.300000 [tel:21300000] Population in Major Urban Areas ASMARA (capital) 712,000 AGE & FAMILY Show 10 10 facts — expand for details. Age Structure 40.660000 [tel:40660000] Median Age 18.900000 [tel:18900000] Birth Rate - births/1,000 population 31 Death Rate - deaths/1,000 population 7.78 Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman 4.25 Contraceptive Prevalance Rate - female 12-49 8% Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 12-49 8% Mean Age for Mother's First Birth (age 25-49) 20.6 Mother's mean age at first birth 20.6 Sex Ratio at Birth - male/female 1.030000 [tel:1030000] ETHNICITY & LANGUAGE Hide Ethnic Groups Ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%, other 3% Language Note Eritrea has no official language. Tigrinya, Arabic and English are all government, working languages. Tigrinya is spoken by highlanders, and is related to Tigre, spoken by people in the western and eastern lowlands. They use an ancient Ge'ez script. Like Arabic, they are both Semitic tongues. Arabic is widely used in commerce. Nationality Noun Eritrean(s) EDUCATION Show 6 6 facts — expand for details. Literacy - total population 58.6% Literacy - male 69.9% Literacy - female 47.6% Literacy Definition NA Education Expenditures - percent of GDP 2.1% Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary) 4.000000 [tel:4000000] HEALTH & LIVING CONDITIONS Show 12 12 facts — expand for details. Life Expectancy at Birth 63.190000 [tel:63190000] Infant Mortality Rate 39.380000 [tel:39380000] Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births 39.380000 [tel:39380000] Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births 240 Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population .05 Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population .7 Health Expenditures - percent of GDP 2.6% Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk High Obesity - adult prevalence rate 1.5% Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved 73.700000 [tel:73700000] Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved 51.600000 [tel:51600000] Underweight - percent of children under five years 34.5% ECONOMY IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 207 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. Economy in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. People comparing Eritrea with other destinations usually start with wages, rent, and tax, not headline GDP. GDP per capita in the planning dataset is about 1,300. Recent growth is listed at 3.7 percent. Unemployment is listed at 8.6 percent. A typical net monthly salary signal is 0. A city-centre 1-bed rent signal is 0. A monthly groceries signal is 0. Local currency code: ERN. City prices vary, and these indexes do not replace a job offer or a proof-of-funds check. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: Economic overview; GDP & growth; Prices & money; Employment & labor; Labor by occupation; Public finance. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: ECONOMY ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Show 4 4 facts — expand for details. Economic Overview Since formal independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea has faced many economic problems, including lack of financial resources and chronic drought. Eritrea has a command economy under the control of the sole political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice. Like the economies of many African nations, a large share of the population - nearly 80% in Eritrea - is engaged in subsistence agriculture, but the sector only produces a small share of the country's total output. Mining accounts for the lion's share of output. The government has strictly controlled the use of foreign currency by limiting access and availability; new regulations in 2013 aimed at relaxing currency controls have had little economic effect. Few large private enterprises exist in Eritrea and most operate in conjunction with government partners, including a number of large international mining ventures, which began production in 2013. In late 2015, the Government of Eritrea introduced a new currency, retaining the name nakfa, and restricted the amount of hard currency individuals could withdraw from banks per month. The changeover has resulted in exchange fluctuations and the scarcity of hard currency available in the market. While reliable statistics on Eritrea are difficult to obtain, erratic rainfall and the large percentage of the labor force tied up in military service continue to interfere with agricultural production and economic development. Eritrea's harvests generally cannot meet the food needs of the country without supplemental grain purchases. Copper, potash, and gold production are likely to continue to drive limited economic growth and government revenue over the next few years, but military spending will continue to compete with development and investment plans. Industries Food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement GDP - per capita (PPP) $1,300.00 (USD) GDP - real growth rate 3.7% GDP & GROWTH Show 9 9 facts — expand for details. GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP) $9,702,000,000 (USD) GDP Per Capita $1,300.00 (USD) GDP - real growth rate 3.7% GDP - official exchange rate $5,352,000,000 (USD) GDP - composition, by end use * consumption: 80.6% Government * consumption: 23.4% Investment in fixed * capital: 9% Investment in * inventories: 0.1% Exports of goods and * services: 9.7% Imports of goods and * services: -22.8% GDP by Sector- agriculture 12.1% GDP by Sector- Industry 29.5% GDP by Sector- services 58.5% Industrial Growth Rate 12.2% PRICES & MONEY Show 4 4 facts — expand for details. Inflation Rate 11.8% Exchange Rate per US Dollar 15.38 Currency Name and Code nakfa (ERN) Fiscal Year Calendar year EMPLOYMENT & LABOR Show 5 5 facts — expand for details. Labor Force 2,620,000 Unemployment Rate 8.6% Major Industries Food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement Agriculture Products * Sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, sisal * livestock, goats * fish Population Below Poverty Line 50% LABOR BY OCCUPATION Show 2 2 facts — expand for details. Labor Force By Occupation - industry and services 20% Labor Force By Occupation- agriculture 80% PUBLIC FINANCE Show 4 4 facts — expand for details. Annual Budget $1,580,000,000 (USD) Public Debt (% of GDP) 119.8% Budget Surplus or Deficit - percent of GDP -10.9% Taxes and other revenues - percent of GDP 29.5% GOVERNMENT & POLITICS IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 221 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. Government & politics in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. Eritrea's government and legal structure matters for visas, ID, tax residence, and later naturalization. The immigration authority in our records is Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea. Confirm current forms and fees on https://shabait.com/. In the planning dataset, dual citizenship is listed as restricted. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet Early practical steps people actually use in Eritrea include: Confirm visa status and entry conditions before booking travel; Prepare temporary housing and proof of address where required; Set up local phone, banking, tax, and health coverage steps; Save emergency numbers, official portals, and scam-reporting channels. Treat the list as a reminder, not a filing checklist. When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: Identity & names; Political system; Capital & time; International role. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: GOVERNMENT & POLITICS IDENTITY & NAMES Show 8 8 facts — expand for details. Full Country Name State of Eritrea Country Name Eritrea Local - Long Hagere Ertra Local - Short Ertra Former Name Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia Etymology- history of name Tthe country name derives from the ancient Greek appellation "Erythra Thalassa" meaning Red Sea, which is the major water body bordering the country Independence 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia) National Holiday Independence Day, 24 May (1991) POLITICAL SYSTEM Show 10 10 facts — expand for details. Government Type Presidential republic Constitution * History: ratified by the Constituent Assembly 23 May 1997 (never implemented) * Amendments: proposed by the president of Eritrea or by assent of at least one half of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least an initial three-quarters majority vote by the Assembly and, after one year, final passage by at least four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly Legal System: Mixed legal system of civil, customary, and Islamic religious law Executive Branch: * Chief of State: President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 24 May 1993); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government and is head of the State Council and National Assembly * Head of Government: President ISAIAS Afwerki (since 8 June 1993) * Cabinet: State Council appointed by the president * Elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term), according to the constitution; the only election held was on 24 May 1993, following independence from Ethiopia (next postponed indefinitely) * Election results: 1993: ISAIAS Afwerki elected president by the transitional National Assembly; percent of National Assembly vote - ISAIAS Afwerki (PFDJ) 95%, other 5% Legislative Branch: * Description: Unicameral National Assembly (Hagerawi Baito) (150 seats; 75 members directly elected by simple majority vote and 75 members indirectly elected by the ruling party; members serve 5-year terms) * Elections: in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly, which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections to form a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were postponed indefinitely due to the war with Ethiopia, and as of 2023, there was no sitting legislative body * Election Results: NA Judicial Branch: * office: High Court judges appointed by the president * Subordinate courts: regional/zonal courts; community courts; special courts; sharia courts (for issues dealing with Muslim marriage, inheritance, and family); military courts Regions or States: 6 regions (zobatat, singular - zoba); 'Anseba, Debub (South), Debubawi K'eyyih Bahri (Southern Red Sea), Gash-Barka, Ma'ikel (Central), Semienawi K'eyyih Bahri (Northern Red Sea) Political Parties and Leaders: * People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIAS Afwerki] (the only party recognized by the government) Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Citizenship Criteria: * birth: No Citizenship by descent * only: At least one parent must be a citizen of Eritrea Dual citizenship * recognized: No Residency requirement for * naturalization: 20 years CAPITAL & TIME Hide Capital Name Asmara Capital - geographic coordinate 15 20 N, 38 56 E Capital Time Difference UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) INTERNATIONAL ROLE Show 4 4 facts — expand for details. International Organization Participation: * ACP * AfDB * AU * COMESA * FAO * G-77 * IAEA * IBRD * ICAO * ICC (NGOs) * IDA * IFAD * IFC * IFRCS (observer) * IGAD * ILO * IMF * IMO * Interpol * IOC * ISO (correspondent) * ITU * ITUC (NGOs) * LAS (observer) * MIGA * NAM * OPCW * PCA * UN * UNCTAD * UNESCO * UNHRC * UNIDO * UNWTO * UPU * WCO * WFTU (NGOs) * WHO * WIPO * WMO International Law Organization Participation: Has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt Diplomatic Representation from US: * Chief of Mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Leslie FRERIKSEN (since 18 July 2022) * Embassy: 179 Alaa Street, Asmara * Mailing Address: 7170 Asmara Place, Washington DC 20521-7170 [tel:205217170] * Telephone: [291] (1) 12-00-04 [tel:1120004] * FAX: [291] (1) 12-75-84 [tel:1127584] * Email: consularasmara@state.gov * Website: https://er.usembassy.gov/ [https://er.usembassy.gov/] Diplomatic Representation in the US: * Chief of Mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Berhane Gebrehiwet SOLOMON (since 15 March 2011) * Chancery: 1708 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 * Telephone: [1] (202) 319-1991 [tel:2023191991] * FAX: [1] (202) 319-1304 [tel:2023191304] * Email: embassyeritrea@embassyeritrea.org * Website: https://us.embassyeritrea.org/ [https://us.embassyeritrea.org/] GEOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 157 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. Geography & environment in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. Eritrea's capital is Asmara in Eastern Africa, Africa. Traffic keeps to the right. Geography here is for settlement planning: climate, distance to work, and which city you can actually afford, not a travel brochure. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: Location & size; Physical geography; Climate & time; Climate; Environment. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: GEOGRAPHY & ENVIRONMENT LOCATION & SIZE Show 8 8 facts — expand for details. Geographic Location Africa Geographic Coordinates 15 00 N, 39 00 E Total Area 45,405 Square Miles 117,600 Square Kilometers Land Area 38,996 Square Miles 101,000 Square Kilometers Water Area 6,409 Square Miles 16,600 Square Kilometers Land Boundaries 1,010 Miles 1,626 Kilometers Border Countries Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km Coastline 1,388 Miles 2,234 Kilometers PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Show 7 7 facts — expand for details. Terrain Dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains Highest Point 3,018 Meters Highest Point Location Soira 3,018 m Lowest Point -75 Meters Lowest Point Location Near Kulul within the Denakil depression -75 m Natural Resources Gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish Irrigated Land 83 Square Miles 215 Square Kilometers CLIMATE & TIME Hide Time Zone UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) CLIMATE Show 5 5 facts — expand for details. Climate The climate in the central highlands, including Asmara, is near perfection, usually in the 70’s or 80’s during the day, cooling off to the 50’s at night. There is little humidity and it seldom rains except during the July/August rainy season when daily afternoon showers are the norm. Asmara receives about 21 inches of rain each year. April, May and June are the warmest months on the plateau, with the cooler season stretching from November to March. Temperatures in the lowlands can be scorchingly hot, typically ranging from 105°F to 120°F, sometimes more, in August. Along the coast, including in the port cities of Massawa and Assab, high humidity often accompanies the heat. Winter highs here are around 90, with evening temperatures in the 70s. Terrain Dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains Location Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan Total Area 45,405 Square Miles 117,600 Square Kilometers Border Countries Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km ENVIRONMENT Hide Environment - Current Issues Deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare Environment - International Agreements Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements TRADE IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 156 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. Trade in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. Trade figures for Eritrea help explain which industries hire, which ports matter, and how imported goods show up in grocery prices. Settlements and contracts usually run in ERN. They are not a visa pathway. Work permission still depends on the destination's immigration rules. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: Trade overview. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: TRADE TRADE OVERVIEW Show 4 4 facts — expand for details. Exports $485,200,000 (USD) Imports $1,022,000,000 (USD) Major Exports Gold and other minerals, livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small industry manufactures Major Imports Machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods TRAVEL & SAFETY IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 235 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. Travel & safety in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. Safety in Eritrea is local. Neighbourhood, night transport, and documentation checks matter more than a single country score. Tap water is listed as generally safe in the planning dataset. Healthcare system type: Limited. Immigrant health access note: None. Health coverage waiting period in the dataset: -1 days. Read current travel advice from your origin government before you book. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet Early practical steps people actually use in Eritrea include: Confirm visa status and entry conditions before booking travel; Prepare temporary housing and proof of address where required; Set up local phone, banking, tax, and health coverage steps; Save emergency numbers, official portals, and scam-reporting channels. Treat the list as a reminder, not a filing checklist. When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: Before you travel; Crime & law; Health & roads. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: TRAVEL & SAFETY BEFORE YOU TRAVEL Show 2 2 facts — expand for details. Country Description Eritrea is a poor East African country, the capital of which is Asmara. Formerly a province of Ethiopia, Eritrea became an independent country on May 24, 1993, following a 30-year struggle that culminated in an overwhelming referendum vote for independence. Tourism facilities are very limited. Safety & Security Eritrea and Ethiopia fought a border war from 1998-2000 [tel:19982000]. United Nations peacekeepers patrolled the border until March 2008, when Government of Eritrea diesel fuel restrictions resulted in the peacekeepers’ withdrawal. Both Eritrea and Ethiopia maintain large military presences along the border and all border crossings into Ethiopia from Eritrea remain closed. U.S. citizens are strongly advised to avoid travel near the Eritrean-Ethiopian border and to the Southern Red Sea region, including the port of Assab, as there have been military tensions in these areas. Landmines and unexploded ordnance remain a serious problem throughout the country. There are reports of accidents and incidents where vehicles and people occasionally detonate mines. Many detonations occurred on relatively well-traveled roads in and near the Gash Barka region of western Eritrea; subsequent investigations indicated that several mines were recently laid. In September 2011, press reported that a vehicle in Senafe, 60 miles south of Asmara, ran over a landmine, killing five persons and injuring the 34 others. Vast areas of the country still have not been certified free of mines and unexploded ordnance left over from both the 30-year war for independence and the subsequent 1998-2000 [tel:19982000] conflict with Ethiopia. U.S. citizens should avoid walking alone and hiking in riverbeds or areas that local government officials have not certified as safe. Although Eritrea and Sudan have diplomatic relations, the procedures for crossing their common border are variable and subject to change. Overland travel between the two countries is dangerous and ill-advised. Travelers crossing from Eritrea to Sudan north and west of the Keren-Barentu road risk becoming victims of banditry, kidnapping, or insurgent activity. Numerous incidents have been reported since 2008, apparently involving insurgents or criminals in this area. The U.S. Embassy also received reports of sporadic bombings of vehicles and government facilities in the Gash Barka region near Sudan in 2007 and 2008. If travel near the Eritrean-Sudanese border is essential, travelers should consult both the Eritrean authorities and the U.S. Embassy in advance. Foreign travelers who wish to visit any area outside of Asmara must apply at least ten days in advance for a travel permit from the Eritrean government. U.S. citizens are urged to avoid sailing off the coast of Eritrea. In August 2011, three separate incidents of piracy were reported off the Eritrean coast near the port of Assab. Multiple high-speed skiffs with armed persons onboard continue to attack merchant vessels. If transit around the Horn of Africa is necessary, it is strongly recommended that vessels travel in convoys, maintain good communications contact at all times, and follow the guidance provided by the Maritime Security Center – Horn of Africa (MSC-HOA). U.S. citizens should consult the Maritime Administration’s Horn of Africa Piracy page for information on maritime advisories, self-protection measures, and naval forces in the region. U.S. citizens are also urged to avoid remote Eritrean islands, some which have Eritrean military facilities. CRIME & LAW Show 2 2 facts — expand for details. Crime Crime in Asmara has increased due to deteriorating economic conditions along with persistent food, water, and fuel shortages, and rapid price inflation. Travelers should exercise vigilance in their personal security and take safety precautions regarding the valuables they carry and areas they visit. Eritrean authorities have limited capacity to deter or investigate crime or prosecute perpetrators. Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available. Not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, if you purchase them you may also be breaking local law. Do not attempt to take advantage of street or black market exchange in foreign currency. It is illegal and there are extremely stiff penalties. Utilize government exchange at the airport, hotel, or bank. Criminal Penalties While you are in Eritrea, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen. Foreign laws and legal systems are vastly different than our own. You may be taken in for questioning if you don’t have your passport or identification with you. It is illegal to take pictures of government buildings. Driving under the influence could land you immediately in jail, as could a traffic accident, whether or not you are at fault. There are also some things that might be legal in the country you visit, but still illegal in the United States; for example you can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods in Eritrea, even if you are not prosecuted in Eritrea. Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime prosecutable in the United States. If you break local laws in Eritrea, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution. It’s very important to know what’s legal and what’s not where you are going. Persons violating Eritrea’s laws, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Penalties for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Eritrea are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines. Arrest notifications in Eritrea: Based on the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, bilateral agreements with certain countries, and customary international law, if you are arrested in Eritrea, you have the option to request that the police, prison officials, or other authorities alert the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate of your arrest, and to have communications from you forwarded to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. However, in Eritrea, contrary to the Vienna Convention, such requests are not generally granted. Languages Eritrea has no official language. Tigrinya, Arabic and English are all government, working languages. Tigrinya is spoken by highlanders, and is related to Tigre, spoken by people in the western and eastern lowlands. They use an ancient Ge'ez script. Like Arabic, they are both Semitic tongues. Arabic is widely used in commerce. HEALTH & ROADS Show 2 2 facts — expand for details. Medical Facilities Medical facilities and physicians in Eritrea are limited. In 2010, the Eritrean government closed all private medical clinics and laboratories. Travelers should carry their own supplies of prescription drugs and preventative medicines because pharmaceuticals may be in short supply. Food and water-borne illnesses are very common among travelers, so drink only bottled or purified water and eat foods that are cooked or peeled. Malaria and dengue fever are serious risks to travelers in the lowlands of Eritrea, particularly during the rainy season (November to February). One of the worst dengue fever outbreaks in recent Eritrean history occurred during the winter of 2009-10 in Massawa. Asmara, because of its altitude, is generally considered free of these mosquito-borne illnesses. Travelers to the lowlands are urged to carry mosquito repellent and mosquito nets, especially during the rainy season. Traffic Safety While in Eritrea, you may encounter road conditions that differ significantly from those in the United States. According to the World Health Organization’s first report on global road safety in September 2009, Eritrea’s roads are deadly. The roads between major cities (Asmara, Massawa, Mendefera, Dekemhare, Barentu, and Keren) are paved and in relatively good condition, though winding mountain roads do not generally have guardrails. Secondary roads and roads in remote areas are usually unpaved and in poor condition. U.S. citizens should avoid traveling on these roads, especially at night. Bad weather can also make the condition of poor roads worse. If you must take unpaved roads, check first with local government and village officials as new minefields continue to be discovered. Even in Asmara city, some road surfaces have deteriorated to dangerous conditions. Eritreans are found travelling on foot nearly everywhere due to lack of transportation, often dressed in dark clothing and in unlit areas at night, which creates unpredictable and dangerous situations on roads. Street lighting may not exist in some locations, and power outages continue to leave some neighborhoods in the dark. Speed limits may not be obeyed. Travelers should check with the INFRASTRUCTURE IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 160 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. Infrastructure in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. Infrastructure in Eritrea affects commute time, remote work, and whether a city is livable in the first 90 days. Typical internet speed in the dataset is 2 Mbps. Airports, rail, and roads on this page are inventory, not a promise that your neighbourhood is well served. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: Transportation; Communications; Energy. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION Show 7 7 facts — expand for details. Airports - total 13 Airports with Paved Runways 4 Heliports 1 Railways 190 Miles 306 Kilometers Roadways- total 2,492 Miles 4,010 Kilometers Roadways- paved 543 Miles 874 Kilometers Ports and Terminals Assab (Aseb), Massawa (Mits'iwa) COMMUNICATIONS Show 7 7 facts — expand for details. Telephones 48,500 Cell Phones 70,000 Internet Users 120,000 Internet Country Code er Internet Hosts 1,241 Broadcast Media * Government controls broadcast media with private ownership prohibited * 1 state-owned TV station * state-owned radio operates 2 networks * purchases of satellite dishes and subscriptions to international broadcast media are permitted Telephone System * assessment: inadequate; most fixed-line telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system; cell phones in increasing use throughout the country * Domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular subscribership is less than 5 per 100 persons * International: country code - 291 ENERGY Hide Electricity Consumption- Kilowatt Hours (kWh) 228,000,000 Electricity Production- Kilowatt Hours (kWh) 271,000,000 Oil Consumption- Barrels Per Day (bbl/day) 4,480 NATIONAL SYMBOLS IN ERITREA: PLANNING NOTES 143 words of country-specific briefing for moving to Eritrea. Figures that affect visas or tax should still be checked on official sites. National symbols in Eritrea for people weighing a move, not a tourist recap. The notes below use Eritrea-specific planning fields. Detailed profile figures sit in the Key facts section under this topic. National symbols for Eritrea are background for civic life and ceremonies. They do not change visa rules. Use the government and visa pages for status, work, and stay conditions. Eritrea is a country of stark and dramatic landscapes from its 630-mile Red Sea coastline to its high craggy mountains to the desolate Danakil Depression. The capital of Asmara, at 7,600 feet When a number on this page could change a visa or tax outcome, open https://shabait.com/ (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea) and match the current instruction. MigrantIQ is a planning aid, not a government filing system. Key facts for this topic cover: National anthem. Expand each card for the structured figures. KEY FACTS: NATIONAL SYMBOLS NATIONAL ANTHEM Hide Anthem History Ertra, Ertra, Ertra is national anthem of Eritrea. Song was adopted in 1993, soon after country became independent. The song is written by Solomon Tsehaye Beraki, composed by Isaac Abraham Meharezghi and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion Anthem Lyrics Ertra, Ertra, Ertra, Beal dema'nalkese tedem sisu, Meswaéta bharnet tdebisu. Mewaél nekhisa'b élame Témrti tsnat koynu sma, Ertra za haben wtsuat, Ameskira haki kem téwet. CHORUS: Ertra, Ertra, Abalem chebitato gbué kbra. Anthem Lyrics English Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea, Her enemy decimated and her sacrifices vindicated by liberation. Steadfast in her goal, symbolising endurance, Eritrea, the pride of her oppressed people, proved that the truth prevails. Eritrea, Eritrea holds her rightful place in the world. Verified immigration updates for Eritrea → [/countries/eritrea/immigration-updates/] GOVERNMENT JOBS IN ERITREA * Eritrea Government Jobs [/government-jobs/government-careers-er/] · Eritrea public employment authority All government jobs for Eritrea → [/government-jobs/?country=eritrea] OFFICIAL LANGUAGES IN ERITREA Eritrea has no official language. TigrinyaArabic and English are all governmentworking languages. Tigrinya is spoken by highlandersand is related to Tigrespoken by people in the western and eastern lowlands. They use an ancient Ge'ez script. Like Arabicthey are both Semitic tongues. Arabic is widely used in commerce. OFFICIAL LINKS FOR ERITREA * Ministry of Foreign Affairs Eritrea [https://shabait.com/] Official immigration portal for visas, entry rules, and residency steps. The official portal for Eritrea is important for accessing accurate information on visas, regulations, and local news. Be cautious of lookalike websites that may charge for forms and services available for free through official channels. NEWCOMER CHECKLIST FOR ERITREA * •Prepare temporary housing and proof of address where required. * •Set up local phone, banking, tax, and health coverage. * •Save emergency numbers, official portals, and scam-reporting channels. * •Learn about local customs and cultural practices. * •Research local transportation options in Asmara. * •Engage with local expatriate communities for support and advice. * •Plan for language barriers and consider learning basic Tigrinya phrases. LOCAL SERVICES & SETUP IN ERITREA Healthcare access: None SETTLEMENT FUNDS & FINANCIAL NOTES FOR ERITREA When relocating to Eritrea, you should have proof of funds to demonstrate your ability to support yourself and your family. Setting up a local bank account can facilitate daily transactions and help manage finances. Understanding the local tax system and health coverage options is important for long-term stability. Engaging with local authorities early can ease the setup process. COST OF LIVING BY CITY IN ERITREA Monthly living-cost signals in ERN. Figures are planning estimates — rent and lifestyle vary by neighbourhood. CitySingle monthly (ERN)Family monthly (ERN)1BR center (ERN)Capital city€448€950€120 WHO QUALIFIES BEST FOR ERITREA * work Individuals seeking job opportunities or business ventures in Eritrea. * study Students looking for educational opportunities in Eritrean institutions. * family Families aiming to reunite with relatives or spouses in Eritrea. * visit Tourists interested in exploring Eritrea's history and culture. WHAT PEOPLE GET WRONG ABOUT MOVING TO ERITREA OVERLOOKING VISA REQUIREMENTS Many newcomers underestimate the importance of confirming visa requirements and entry conditions before travel. Ensure you have the correct visa type to avoid complications upon arrival. NEGLECTING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Failing to understand and respect local customs can lead to misunderstandings. Take time to learn about Eritrean culture and social norms to foster positive interactions. UNDERESTIMATING HEALTHCARE LIMITATIONS The healthcare system in Eritrea is limited, and many expatriates find it challenging to access adequate medical care. Plan for health coverage and understand available services. SOURCES & REFERENCES FOR ERITREA Country data is a planning aid. Official government sources override MigrantIQ summaries for immigration, legal, tax, health, and emergency rules. * MigrantIQ country profile Summary profile maintained for planning. Last updated 2026-05-07. * World Bank and public data sources Used for economic and country-level indicators where available. * Numbeo and public cost datasets Used for cost-of-living signals for Eritrea where available. FOREIGN EMBASSIES IN ERITREA 26 active diplomatic missions in our directory. Sample listings below. * Consulate of Austria in Asmara, Eritrea [/embassies/mission/austria-in-eritrea-asmara-consulate/] — 🇦🇹 Austria, Asmara * Consulate of Belgium in Asmara, Eritrea [/embassies/mission/belgium-in-eritrea-asmara-consulate/] — 🇧🇪 Belgium, Asmara * Consulate of Canada in Asmara, Eritrea [/embassies/mission/canada-in-eritrea-asmara-consulate/] — 🇨🇦 Canada, Asmara * Consulate of India in Asmara, Eritrea [/embassies/mission/india-in-eritrea-asmara-consulate/] — 🇮🇳 India, Asmara * Consulate of Netherlands in Asmara, Eritrea [/embassies/mission/netherlands-in-eritrea-asmara-consulate/] — 🇳🇱 Netherlands, Asmara Browse all embassies in Eritrea → [/embassies/in/eritrea/] Important — not legal or government advice MigrantIQ lists diplomatic missions for planning reference only. We are not a government service. Contact details may be incomplete or outdated — always confirm appointments, fees, and requirements on the official mission website or your destination government portal before you travel or apply. Terms [/terms/]Privacy [/privacy/]Report inaccurate data [/contact/] Feedback Was this guide helpful? Your answer helps us improve guides and update priority. YesNo Summarize this page with AI Opens your assistant with a pre-filled prompt (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Claude). Gemini uses Google AI Mode. Ask AI ↗ Not affiliated with any AI platform. Always verify immigration rules on official government sites. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT MOVING TO ERITREA WHAT ARE THE COMMON VISA TYPES FOR MOVING TO ERITREA? Common visa types for Eritrea include Business/Investor Visas, Family/Spouse Visas, Student Visas, and Work/Employment Visas. Each type has specific requirements, so it's important to research which one fits your situation best. HOW CAN I FIND HOUSING IN ASMARA? Finding housing in Asmara can be done through local real estate agents, online listings, or by connecting with expatriate communities. It's advisable to visit potential neighborhoods to assess suitability. WHAT HEALTHCARE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE TO EXPATRIATES? The healthcare system in Eritrea is limited, and expatriates may face challenges in accessing full medical services. It's important to have health insurance that covers international care. RELATED ERITREA GUIDES Visa Eritrea Visa Hub Read guide → [/visas/eritrea/]Legal Eritrea Laws Read guide → [/laws/eritrea/]Safety Eritrea Scam Alerts Read guide → [/scam-alerts/eritrea/]Checklist Eritrea Arrival Checklist Read guide → [/checklist/eritrea/]Blog Migration blog Read guide → [/blog/] VISA OPTIONS 7 published * Business / Investor Visa [/visas/eritrea/business-investor/]business * Family / Spouse Visa [/visas/eritrea/family-spouse/]family * Temporary Work Visa [/visas/eritrea/temporary-work-visa/]migration * Permanent Residency / Settlement [/visas/eritrea/permanent-residency/]residency * Student Visa [/visas/eritrea/student/]student * Tourist / Visitor Visa [/visas/eritrea/tourist-visitor/]tourist * Work / Employment Visa [/visas/eritrea/work-employment/]work Open visa hub → [/visas/eritrea/] KEY LAWS * Immigration Status and Overstay Rules [/laws/eritrea/immigration-status-and-overstay-rules/]critical * Work Authorisation Rules [/laws/eritrea/work-authorisation-rules/]critical * Tax Residency and Income Reporting [/laws/eritrea/tax-residency-and-income-reporting/]high * Housing Contract and Deposit Rules [/laws/eritrea/housing-contract-and-deposit-rules/]medium ACTIVE SCAM ALERTS * Document Translation, Notary, or Apostille Overcharge [/scam-alerts/eritrea/document-translation-notary-overcharge/]medium * Fake Border, Airport, or Fast-Track Assistance Fee [/scam-alerts/eritrea/fake-border-airport-assistance-fee/]medium * Fake University or Scholarship Letter [/scam-alerts/eritrea/fake-university-or-scholarship-letter/]medium Plan smarter Save countries, compare destinations, track visa checklists, and sync your migration plan across devices. Open My Plan [/plan/]Account Dashboard [/account/] Free resources TOOLS & GUIDES Full sitemap → [/sitemap/] PLAN YOUR MOVE * Eligibility quiz [/tools/eligibility/] * Tax calculator [/tools/tax-calculator/] * Tax compare [/tools/tax-compare/] * Tax guides [/tools/tax-guides/] * Points calculator [/tools/points-calculator/] * Cost calculator [/calculator/] * Move planner [/tools/planner/] * Best country [/tools/best-country/] * Pathway finder [/tools/pathway-finder/] * Corridor fit [/tools/corridor-fit/] * Compare 3 countries [/tools/compare-three/] * Job → visa matcher [/tools/job-visa-match/] * Scam checker [/tools/scam-check/] * All tools [/tools/] GUIDES & SAFETY * Visa guides [/visas/] * Scholarships [/scholarships/] * Government jobs [/government-jobs/] * Immigration updates [/countries/canada/immigration-updates/] * Embassies [/embassies/] * Laws [/laws/] * Scam alerts [/scam-alerts/] * Checklists [/checklist/] * Country profiles [/countries/] COMMUNITY * Q&A [/qa/] * People stories [/stories/] * Blog [/blog/] * Android app (Google Play) [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.migrantiq.app&hl=en] * Write for us [/write-for-us/] * Experts [/experts/] * Apply for expert listing [/experts/apply/] * Documentation [/documentation/] * Employers (HR) [/employers/] ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://migrantiq.com/#organization","name":"MigrantIQ","url":"https://migrantiq.com","logo":"https://migrantiq.com/logo.png","description":"MigrantIQ publishes free migration guides covering visas, laws, costs, culture, banking, healthcare, scam alerts, and moving checklists for 220 countries.","knowsAbout":["immigration","visa requirements","moving abroad","cost of living","immigrant laws","scam protection","arrival checklists"],"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/migrantiq/","https://x.com/MigrantIQ","https://www.instagram.com/migrantiqorg/","https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.migrantiq.app&hl=en"],"contactPoint":[{"@type":"ContactPoint","contactType":"customer support","email":"Info@MigrantIQ.com","url":"https://migrantiq.com/contact/","availableLanguage":["English"]}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://migrantiq.com/#website","name":"MigrantIQ","url":"https://migrantiq.com","publisher":{"@id":"https://migrantiq.com/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://migrantiq.com/search/?q={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}]} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://migrantiq.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Countries","item":"https://migrantiq.com/countries/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Eritrea","item":"https://migrantiq.com/countries/eritrea/"}]} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://migrantiq.com/countries/eritrea/#webpage","name":"Moving to Eritrea: visas, cost of living & immigrant guide","description":"Moving to Eritrea presents both challenges and opportunities for individuals and families. 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